Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Anat Sci Educ. 2012 Nov-Dec;5(6):330-9. doi: 10.1002/ase.1287. Epub 2012 May 31.
Anatomical corrosion casts of human specimens are useful teaching aids. However, their use is limited due to ethical dilemmas associated with their production, their lack of perfect reproducibility, and their consumption of original specimens in the process of casting. In this study, new approaches with modern distribution of complex anatomical spatial information were explored to overcome these limitations through the digitalization of anatomical casts of human specimens through three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, rapid prototype production, and Web-based 3D atlas construction. The corrosion cast of a lung, along with its associated arteries, veins, trachea, and bronchial tree was CT-scanned, and the data was then processed by Mimics software. Data from the lung casts were then reconstructed into 3D models using a hybrid method, utilizing both "image threshold" and "region growing." The fine structures of the bronchial tree, arterial, and venous network of the lung were clearly displayed and demonstrated their distinct relationships. The multiple divisions of bronchi and bronchopulmonary segments were identified. The 3D models were then uploaded into a rapid prototype 3D printer to physically duplicate the cast. The physically duplicated model of the lung was rescanned by CT and reconstructed to detect its production accuracy. Gross observation and accuracy detection were used to evaluate the duplication and few differences were found. Finally, Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) was used to edit the 3D casting models to construct a Web-based 3D atlas accessible through Internet Explorer with 3D display and annotation functions.
人体标本解剖腐蚀铸型是有用的教学辅助工具。然而，由于其制作涉及到伦理问题，且缺乏完美的可重复性，并且在铸造过程中消耗了原始标本，因此其使用受到限制。在这项研究中，我们探索了新的方法，通过将人体标本的解剖铸型进行数字化，包括三维（3D）重建、快速原型制作和基于网络的 3D 图谱构建，来克服这些限制，以实现复杂解剖空间信息的现代分布。对肺及其相关动脉、静脉、气管和支气管树的腐蚀铸型进行了 CT 扫描，然后使用 Mimics 软件对数据进行处理。使用混合方法，结合“图像阈值”和“区域生长”，从肺铸型数据中重建 3D 模型。清晰地显示了支气管树、肺动静脉网络的精细结构，并展示了它们的明显关系。可以识别出多个支气管分支和支气管肺段。然后将 3D 模型上传到快速原型 3D 打印机中，以物理复制铸型。通过 CT 对物理复制的肺模型进行再次扫描并进行重建，以检测其制作精度。通过大体观察和精度检测来评估复制的效果，发现几乎没有差异。最后，使用虚拟现实建模语言（VRML）编辑 3D 铸造模型，构建一个基于网络的 3D 图谱，通过 Internet Explorer 访问，具有 3D 显示和注释功能。
