Maalouf Naim
Department of Internal Medicine and Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, U.S.A.
Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab. 2012 Mar;10(1):38-49. doi: 10.1007/s12018-011-9111-9.
Nephrolithiasis is a prevalent and costly condition with high recurrence rate. A medical evaluation to identify abnormalities responsible for nephrolithiasis and guide subsequent therapy has been advocated to reduce the risk of stone recurrence. The evaluation of kidney stone formers generally comprises an extensive medical history to identify metabolic, environmental, dietary and/or genetic factors contributing to stone formation. Imaging studies are utilized to evaluate and follow stone burden. Laboratory studies including stone composition analysis and serum and urinary chemistries are commonly obtained to further assess for any underlying systemic disorders, to detect environmental and metabolic processes contributing to stone disease, and to guide initial and follow-up dietary and pharmacological therapy. The nature and extent of such an evaluation is discussed in this review article.
肾结石是一种常见且代价高昂的疾病，复发率很高。提倡进行医学评估以识别导致肾结石的异常情况并指导后续治疗，以降低结石复发的风险。对肾结石患者的评估通常包括详细的病史询问，以确定促成结石形成的代谢、环境、饮食和/或遗传因素。利用影像学研究来评估和跟踪结石负荷。通常会进行包括结石成分分析以及血清和尿液化学分析在内的实验室研究，以进一步评估是否存在任何潜在的全身性疾病，检测促成结石疾病的环境和代谢过程，并指导初始和后续的饮食及药物治疗。本文将讨论这种评估的性质和范围。
