Occupational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2012 Jun;26(2-3):179-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.04.023. Epub 2012 Jun 2.
The olfactory function can be affected by occupational and environmental exposure to various neurotoxicants that can be transported through the olfactory pathway. Olfactory impairment is a highly recurrent non-motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease and is considered an early predictive sign of neurodegeneration. Changes in olfactory perception may be caused by a dopaminergic dysregulation, possibly related to changes at the level of dopamine receptors. Manganese is an essential element that can become neurotoxic in various conditions inducing an overload in the organism. Being actively transported through the olfactory tract, manganese can cause impairment of olfactory function and motor coordination in different age groups like children and elderly. Odor and motor changes are interrelated and may be caused by a Mn-induced dopaminergic dysregulation affecting both functions. Given these findings, further research is imperative on the possible role of manganese exposure as a pathogenetic factor for Parkinsonism.
嗅觉功能可能会受到职业和环境暴露于各种神经毒物的影响，这些毒物可以通过嗅觉途径进行运输。嗅觉障碍是帕金森病中一种高度复发的非运动性功能障碍，被认为是神经退行性变的早期预测标志。嗅觉感知的变化可能是由于多巴胺能调节紊乱引起的，可能与多巴胺受体水平的变化有关。锰是一种必需元素，在各种情况下可能会变得神经毒性，从而导致体内超负荷。锰通过嗅觉道主动转运，可导致不同年龄段（如儿童和老年人）的嗅觉功能和运动协调受损。气味和运动变化相互关联，可能是由于 Mn 诱导的多巴胺能调节紊乱影响了这两种功能。鉴于这些发现，需要进一步研究锰暴露作为帕金森病发病因素的可能作用。
