Gardiner J M, Parkin A J
Memory & Cognition Research Group, City University, London, England.
Mem Cognit. 1990 Nov;18(6):579-83. doi: 10.3758/bf03197100.
The functional relation between recognition memory and conscious awareness was assessed in an experiment in which undivided attention at study was compared with two divided attention conditions, one more demanding than the other. When recognizing a word from the study list, subjects indicated whether they could consciously recollect its prior occurrence or recognized it on some other basis, in the absence of conscious recollection. Divided attention at study progressively impaired word recognition accompanied by conscious recollection. Recognition in the absence of conscious recollection was not affected by divided attention. These findings are interpreted as providing further support for the idea that recognition memory entails two distinct components, one based on associative and contextual information, the other based on a "traceless" awareness of familiarity.
在一项实验中，研究了识别记忆与意识觉知之间的功能关系。在该实验中，将学习时的集中注意力与两种分散注意力的条件进行了比较，其中一种比另一种要求更高。当从学习列表中识别一个单词时，受试者要表明他们是能够有意识地回忆起该单词之前出现过，还是在没有有意识回忆的情况下基于其他依据识别出它。学习时的分散注意力逐渐损害了伴有有意识回忆的单词识别。在没有有意识回忆的情况下的识别不受分散注意力的影响。这些发现被解释为进一步支持了这样一种观点，即识别记忆包含两个不同的成分，一个基于联想和情境信息，另一个基于对熟悉度的“无痕迹”觉知。
