WorleyParsons, Resources & Energy, Warabrook, NSW 2304, Australia.
Aquat Toxicol. 2012 Sep 15;120-121:99-108. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.03.020. Epub 2012 May 11.
The Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, has been demonstrated as a useful biomonitor of estrogenic compounds following laboratory exposures, yet its utility in the assessment of estrogenic exposure and effects under field conditions requires investigation. To achieve this aim, S. glomerata were deployed in Newcastle, Australia in the effluent receiving marine waters of Burwood Beach WWTP (Burwood Beach "near", <50 m from outfall and Burwood Beach "far", 100-150 m from outfall) and reference locations (Redhead, Fingal Island 1 and Fingal Island 2) at depths of 4, 8 and 12 m for six weeks. Effluent receiving waters of Burwood Beach WWTP were found to be a suitable impact location, demonstrated via measurement of estrogenic compounds and activity throughout the deployment. Estrogenic compounds were detected (average of combined solids and liquid fractions) at average concentrations of: 1.42 ng/L for estrone, 0.69 ng/L for 17β estradiol, 3.83 ng/L for estriol (E3), 0.56 ng/L for 17α-ethynylestradiol, 64.2 ng/L for bisphenol A, 7.51 ng/L for 4-nonylphenol and 5.93 ng/L for 4-tert-octylphenol. Total estrogenic activity was estimated at 4.48 ng/L EEQ via the Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES(®)) assay (average of combined solid and liquid fractions). Female vitellogenin gene expression was highest at Burwood Beach locations, yet no significant differences were detected among locations for either sex. Vitellogenin protein was significantly higher (p<0.05) in S. glomerata at Burwood Beach Near compared to reference locations for the 4 and 12 m depths. Increased proportions of females were found at Burwood Beach Near, at 4m depth (p<0.05). Both Burwood Beach locations had higher proportions of mature female gonadal development stages compared to reference locations (p<0.05). Oocyte area was highest at both Burwood Beach locations, but no significant differences were detected among locations. Findings provided further evidence that female S. glomerata may be a suitable candidate species for assessment of effects of estrogenic compounds in Australian waters.
悉尼岩蚝（Saccostrea glomerata）在实验室暴露后被证明是一种有用的雌激素化合物生物监测物，但它在评估野外环境中的雌激素暴露和影响方面的实用性仍需要研究。为了实现这一目标，将悉尼岩蚝部署在澳大利亚纽卡斯尔市的伯伍德海滩污水处理厂（Burwood Beach“近岸”，距出水口<50 米，Burwood Beach“远岸”，距出水口 100-150 米）和参考地点（雷德黑德、芬格尔岛 1 号和芬格尔岛 2 号）的 4、8 和 12 米深处，为期六周。通过在整个部署过程中测量雌激素化合物和活性，发现伯伍德海滩污水处理厂的废水接收水域是一个合适的影响地点。检测到雌激素化合物（固体和液体部分的总和）的平均浓度为：雌酮 1.42ng/L，17β-雌二醇 0.69ng/L，雌三醇（E3）3.83ng/L，17α-乙炔基雌二醇 0.56ng/L，双酚 A 64.2ng/L，4-壬基酚 7.51ng/L，4-叔辛基酚 5.93ng/L。通过酵母雌激素筛选（YES（®））测定法（固体和液体部分的总和），总雌激素活性估计为 4.48ng/L EEQ。在伯伍德海滩地区，雌性卵黄蛋白原基因表达最高，但在任何性别中，各地点之间均未检测到显着差异。与参考地点相比，在伯伍德海滩近岸处的 4 和 12 米深度处，悉尼岩蚝的卵黄蛋白原蛋白显着更高（p<0.05）。在伯伍德海滩近岸处，4 米深处，发现更多的雌性比例（p<0.05）。与参考地点相比，伯伍德海滩的两个地点的成熟雌性性腺发育阶段的比例都更高（p<0.05）。卵母细胞面积在两个伯伍德海滩地点最高，但各地点之间没有显着差异。研究结果进一步证明，雌性悉尼岩蚝可能是评估澳大利亚水域中雌激素化合物影响的合适候选物种。
