Groutides C P, Michell A R
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire.
Res Vet Sci. 1990 Nov;49(3):292-7.
Five commercially available parenteral solutions were compared for their effectiveness in correcting the disturbances associated with diarrhoea induced by Escherichia coli. Each solution (saline, Hartmann's, Darrow's, Plasmalyte +/- glucose) was tested on eight Jersey calves less than a week old and weighing approximately 25 kg. Each calf received 8.5 litres over three days, at about 20 ml kg-1 h-1. Solutions such as saline or Plasmalyte which had higher concentrations of sodium were more effective at correcting dehydration and electrolyte disturbances than those with less sodium (Darrow's, Hartmann's) but only those with bicarbonate precursors (lactate, acetate, gluconate) were effective in correcting metabolic acidosis. The additional potassium in Darrow's was predictably unhelpful in correcting hyperkalaemia and the additional glucose in Plasmalyte-glucose, despite some beneficial effects, undermined its effectiveness in correcting acidosis. These results suggest that solutions for intravenous treatment should probably contain about 150 mmol litre-1 Na+, 5 mmol litre-1 K+ and about 50 mmol litre-1 of a mixture of bicarbonate and precursors. Neither of the commonly used solutions (saline or Hartmann's) is thus ideal.
对五种市售的肠外溶液在纠正与大肠杆菌引起的腹泻相关的紊乱方面的有效性进行了比较。每种溶液（生理盐水、哈特曼氏溶液、达罗氏溶液、普朗姆液±葡萄糖）在八头不到一周大、体重约25公斤的泽西小牛身上进行了测试。每头小牛在三天内以约20毫升/千克/小时的速度接受8.5升溶液。钠浓度较高的溶液，如生理盐水或普朗姆液，在纠正脱水和电解质紊乱方面比钠含量较低的溶液（达罗氏溶液、哈特曼氏溶液）更有效，但只有含有碳酸氢盐前体（乳酸盐、醋酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐）的溶液在纠正代谢性酸中毒方面有效。达罗氏溶液中额外的钾在纠正高钾血症方面不出所料地没有帮助，而普朗姆液-葡萄糖中额外的葡萄糖尽管有一些有益作用，但却削弱了其纠正酸中毒的有效性。这些结果表明，用于静脉治疗的溶液可能应含有约150毫摩尔/升的钠、5毫摩尔/升的钾和约5毫摩尔/升的碳酸氢盐和前体的混合物。因此，两种常用溶液（生理盐水或哈特曼氏溶液）都不理想。
