Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114-2622, USA.
Fertil Steril. 2012 Jul;98(1):3-10. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.05.005. Epub 2012 Jun 6.
Stem cell-based strategies for ovarian regeneration and oocyte production have been proposed as future clinical therapies for treating infertility in women. However, utilization of embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells to produce oocytes has had limited success in vitro. A recent report of the isolation and characterization of endogenous oocyte-producing or oogonial stem cells (OSCs) from ovaries of reproductive age women describes the first stable and pure human female germ cell culture model in which a subset of cells appear to initiate and complete meiosis. In addition, purified human OSCs introduced into adult human ovarian cortical tissue generate oocytes that arrest at the diplotene stage of meiosis and successfully recruit granulosa cells to form new primordial follicles. This overview examines the current landscape of in vitro and in vivo gametogenesis from stem cells, with emphasis on generation of human oocytes. Future research objectives for this area of work, as well as potential clinical applications involving the use of human OSCs, are discussed.
基于干细胞的卵巢再生和卵母细胞生成策略被提议作为未来治疗女性不孕的临床疗法。然而，利用胚胎干细胞或诱导多能干细胞在体外产生卵母细胞的效果有限。最近有报道称，从生育期女性的卵巢中分离和鉴定内源性卵母细胞生成或原始生殖细胞（OSCs），描述了第一个稳定和纯净的人类雌性生殖细胞培养模型，其中一部分细胞似乎启动并完成了减数分裂。此外，纯化的人类 OSCs 被引入成年人类卵巢皮质组织中，可产生减数分裂双线期阻滞的卵母细胞，并成功招募颗粒细胞形成新的原始卵泡。这篇综述探讨了目前从干细胞进行体外和体内配子发生的情况，重点是生成人类卵母细胞。讨论了该领域的未来研究目标，以及涉及使用人类 OSCs 的潜在临床应用。
