Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou St., N. Ionia Volou, Magnesia, Greece.
J Insect Physiol. 2012 Aug;58(8):1128-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.05.012. Epub 2012 Jun 7.
In temperate areas, dormancy (diapause and/or quiescence) enables herbivorous insect species to persist and thrive by synchronizing growth and reproduction with the seasonal phenology of their host plants. Within-population variability in dormancy increases survival chances under unpredictable environmental changes. However, prolonged dormancy may be costly, incurring trade-offs in important adult fitness traits such as life span and reproduction. We used the European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi, a stenophagous, univoltine species that overwinters in the pupal stage for usually one or more years to test the hypotheses that prolonged dormancy of pupae has trade-offs with body size, survival and reproduction of the resulting adults. We used two geographically isolated populations of R. cerasi to compare the demographic traits of adults obtained from pupae subjected to one or two cycles of warm-cold periods (annual and prolonged dormancy respectively). Regardless of population, adults from pupae that experienced prolonged dormancy were larger than counterparts emerging within 1year. Prolonged dormancy did not affect adult longevity but both lifetime fecundity and oviposition were significantly decreased. Extension of the life cycle of some individuals in R. cerasi populations in association with prolonged dormancy is likely a bet-hedging strategy.
在温带地区，休眠（滞育和/或静止）使草食性昆虫能够通过与宿主植物的季节性物候同步生长和繁殖来生存和繁衍。种群内休眠的变异性增加了在不可预测的环境变化下的生存机会。然而，长时间的休眠可能是有代价的，会在重要的成年适应性特征（如寿命和繁殖力）上产生权衡。我们使用欧洲樱桃实蝇 Rhagoletis cerasi 进行了测试，这是一种狭食性、单世代物种，在蛹期越冬，通常为一年或更长时间，以检验以下假设：延长蛹的休眠与成虫的体型、生存和繁殖有关。我们使用了两个地理隔离的 R. cerasi 种群来比较经历一个或两个冷暖期循环（分别为年度和延长休眠）的蛹产生的成虫的人口特征。无论种群如何，经历延长休眠的蛹产生的成虫都比在 1 年内出现的成虫更大。延长休眠不会影响成虫的寿命，但终生繁殖力和产卵量都显著降低。与延长休眠相关的 R. cerasi 种群中某些个体的生命周期延长可能是一种风险分散策略。
