Abiodun Adeyinka, Atinuke Agunloye, Yvonne Osuagwu
Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Ann Afr Med. 2012 Jul-Sep;11(3):131-8. doi: 10.4103/1596-3519.96860.
Globally, the most common cause of cranio-facial fractures is road traffic accident (RTA) with computerized tomography (CT) scan as the gold standard in the diagnosis of patients with cranial and facial fractures. The purpose of this study is to assess the pattern of cranial and facial fractures on CT in head injured patients following RTA.
Using CT, detailed analyses of 236 patients with head injury following RTA were performed between 2006 and 2008, Data recorded included cause of injury, age and gender distribution, cranial and mid-facial fractures sustained, associated intracranial and soft tissue injury and the types of vehicular accident.
The peak age of the patients was between 30 and 39 years. RTA was more common in males than females. Motor-vehicle was the most common cause of RTA in the present study (66.9%). More passengers were involved in the motor vehicle (87.3%) and motorcycle (52.0%) accidents than their corresponding drivers, and they were predominantly males. Majority of the patients involved in pedestrian road traffic accident (PRTA) were motor vehicle victims (93.3%). There were more patients with cranial (59.8%) than mid-facial fractures (40.2%). Majority of the patients had temporal bone cranial fracture (31.1%) and combined or mixed type of mid-facial fractures (41.3%). Intracranial bleeding (31.7%) was the most common associated intracranial finding.
RTAs continue to be a menace and are the main cause of craniofacial injury in Nigeria. This pattern of etiologic factors is in accordance with data from most developing countries. Special attention should be paid to reinforcement of legislation and enactment of laws aimed at the reduction of head injury and provision for easy access to CT for the head injured patient.
在全球范围内，颅面部骨折最常见的原因是道路交通事故（RTA），计算机断层扫描（CT）是诊断颅面部骨折患者的金标准。本研究的目的是评估道路交通事故后头部受伤患者CT上颅面部骨折的模式。
利用CT对2006年至2008年间236例道路交通事故后头部受伤的患者进行了详细分析。记录的数据包括受伤原因、年龄和性别分布、所遭受的颅面骨折、相关的颅内和软组织损伤以及交通事故类型。
患者的年龄高峰在30至39岁之间。道路交通事故在男性中比女性更常见。在本研究中，机动车是道路交通事故最常见的原因（66.9%）。涉及机动车（87.3%）和摩托车（52.0%）事故的乘客比相应的司机更多，且他们主要为男性。参与行人道路交通事故（PRTA）的大多数患者是机动车受害者（93.3%）。颅部骨折患者（59.8%）多于面中部骨折患者（40.2%）。大多数患者有颞骨颅骨骨折（31.1%）和面中部联合或混合型骨折（41.3%）。颅内出血（31.7%）是最常见的相关颅内发现。
道路交通事故仍然是一种威胁，并且是尼日利亚颅面部损伤的主要原因。这种病因模式与大多数发展中国家的数据一致。应特别注意加强立法，制定旨在减少头部损伤的法律，并为头部受伤患者提供便捷的CT检查途径。
