Jones Michael N, Johns Brendan T, Recchia Gabriel
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47404, USA.
Can J Exp Psychol. 2012 Jun;66(2):115-24. doi: 10.1037/a0026727.
Recent research has challenged the notion that word frequency is the organizing principle underlying lexical access, pointing instead to the number of contexts that a word occurs in (Adelman, Brown, & Quesada, 2006). Counting contexts gives a better quantitative fit to human lexical decision and naming data than counting raw occurrences of words. However, this approach ignores the information redundancy of the contexts in which the word occurs, a factor we refer to as semantic diversity. Using both a corpus-based study and a controlled artificial language experiment, we demonstrate the importance of contextual redundancy in lexical access, suggesting that contextual repetitions in language only increase a word's memory strength if the repetitions are accompanied by a modulation in semantic context. We introduce a cognitive process mechanism to explain the pattern of behaviour by encoding the word's context relative to the information redundancy between the current context and the word's current memory representation. The model gives a better account of identification latency data than models based on either raw frequency or document count, and also produces a better-organized space to simulate semantic similarity.
最近的研究对词频是词汇通达背后的组织原则这一观点提出了挑战，转而指出一个词出现的语境数量才是关键（阿德尔曼、布朗和克萨达，2006）。统计语境比统计词的原始出现次数能更好地对人类词汇判断和命名数据进行定量拟合。然而，这种方法忽略了词出现的语境中的信息冗余，我们将这一因素称为语义多样性。通过一项基于语料库的研究和一项受控的人工语言实验，我们证明了语境冗余在词汇通达中的重要性，表明语言中的语境重复只有在伴随着语义语境的调节时才会增加一个词的记忆强度。我们引入一种认知过程机制，通过对相对于当前语境与词的当前记忆表征之间的信息冗余来编码词的语境，从而解释行为模式。该模型比基于原始频率或文档计数的模型能更好地解释识别潜伏期数据，并且还能产生一个组织更合理的空间来模拟语义相似性。
