Zhang Jingjing, Zhou Yixiao, Zhao Guoxia, Wang Xin, Chen Qingrong, Tanenhaus Michael K
School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China.
Human Communication, Development, and Information Sciences, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2024 Dec;31(6):2844-2855. doi: 10.3758/s13423-024-02533-0. Epub 2024 Jun 18.
The diversity of contexts in which a word occurs, operationalized as CD, is strongly correlated with response times in visual word recognition, with higher CD words being recognized faster. CD and token word frequency (WF) are highly correlated but in behavioral studies when other variables that affect word visual recognition are controlled for, the WF effect is eliminated when contextual diversity (CD) is controlled. In contrast, the only event-related potential (ERP) study to examine CD and WF Vergara-Martínez et al., Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 17, 461-474, (2017) found effects of both WF and CD with different distributions in the 225- to 325-ms time window. We conducted an ERP study with Chinese characters to explore the neurocognitive dynamics of WF and CD. We compared three groups of characters: (1) characters high in frequency and low in CD; (2) characters low in frequency and low in CD; and (3) characters high in frequency and high in CD. Behavioral data showed significant effects of CD but not WF. Character CD, but not character frequency, modulated the late positive component (LPC): high-CD characters elicited a larger LPC, widely distributed, with largest amplitude at the posterior sites compared to low-CD characters in the 400-to 600-ms time window, consistent with earlier ERP studies of WF in Chinese, and with the hypothesis that CD affects semantic and context-based processes. No WF effect on any ERP components was observed when CD was controlled. The results are consistent with behavioral results showing CD but not WF effects, and in particular with a "context constructionist" framework.
一个单词出现的上下文多样性（以CD衡量）与视觉单词识别中的反应时间密切相关，CD值越高的单词被识别得越快。CD与单词词频（WF）高度相关，但在行为研究中，当控制其他影响单词视觉识别的变量时，控制上下文多样性（CD）后，WF效应就会消除。相比之下，唯一一项研究CD和WF的事件相关电位（ERP）研究（Vergara-Martínez等人，《认知、情感与行为神经科学》，第17卷，第461 - 474页，2017年）发现，在225至325毫秒的时间窗口内，WF和CD都有不同分布的效应。我们进行了一项关于汉字的ERP研究，以探索WF和CD的神经认知动态。我们比较了三组汉字：（1）高频且低CD的汉字；（2）低频且低CD的汉字；（3）高频且高CD的汉字。行为数据显示出CD的显著效应，但没有WF的效应。汉字的CD而非汉字频率调节了晚期正成分（LPC）：在400至600毫秒的时间窗口内，与低CD汉字相比，高CD汉字引发了更大的LPC，分布广泛，在后脑部位振幅最大，这与早期关于中文WF的ERP研究一致，也与CD影响语义和基于上下文的加工过程的假设一致。当控制CD时，未观察到WF对任何ERP成分的影响。这些结果与行为结果一致，显示出CD效应而非WF效应，特别是与“上下文建构主义”框架一致。
