Stephan C N, Murphy S J
Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
J Forensic Odontostomatol. 2008 Jun 1;26(1):2-7.
An understanding of the structural relationships between the soft tissue anatomy of the face and the hard tissue anatomy of the skull is significant for craniofacial identification methods employed in forensic anthropology and forensic dentistry. Typically, mouth characteristics have been predicted from the teeth but this proves problematic in edentulous skulls. Some clue may, however, be provided by non-dental features. This study investigates the usefulness of the infraorbital and the mental foramen position for determining mouth width and additionally reports on accuracy tests using two other recently proposed methods that depend on the teeth: i) Krogman and İşcan's radiating mouth width prediction guideline; and ii) Stephan and Henneberg's 75% rule. Dissections of nine human cadavers indicate that the most accurate mouth width prediction method is the 75% rule (mean error of -2.4 mm) followed by the distance between the infraorbital foramen (mean error of -3.3 mm). Krogman and İşcan's radiating method, as interpreted by Wilkinson, underestimated mouth width by 7.3mm on average, while the distance between the mental foramen underestimated mouth width by 12.9 mm. These results suggest that the infraorbital foramen can be used as a relatively good predictor of mouth width in edentulous skulls, however, the 75% rule should be given precedence if the dentition is present.
了解面部软组织解剖结构与颅骨硬组织解剖结构之间的关系，对于法医人类学和法医牙科学中使用的颅面识别方法具有重要意义。通常，人们通过牙齿来预测嘴部特征，但在无牙颅骨中，这一方法存在问题。不过，一些非牙齿特征可能会提供一些线索。本研究调查了眶下孔和颏孔位置在确定嘴宽方面的有用性，并另外报告了使用最近提出的另外两种依赖牙齿的方法进行的准确性测试：i）克罗格曼和伊什坎的放射状嘴宽预测指南；ii）斯蒂芬和亨内贝格的75%规则。对九具人类尸体的解剖表明，最准确的嘴宽预测方法是75%规则（平均误差为-2.4毫米），其次是眶下孔之间的距离（平均误差为-3.3毫米）。威尔金森解释的克罗格曼和伊什坎的放射状方法平均低估嘴宽7.3毫米，而颏孔之间的距离则低估嘴宽12.9毫米。这些结果表明，眶下孔可作为无牙颅骨嘴宽的相对较好预测指标，然而，如果存在牙列，应优先使用75%规则。
