Tiwari Manjul
Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2012 Jan;3(1):24-31. doi: 10.4103/0976-9668.95942.
Human vocalizations are sounds made exclusively by a human vocal tract. Among other vocalizations, for example, laughs or screams, speech is the most important. Speech is the primary medium of that supremely human symbolic communication system called language. One of the functions of a voice, perhaps the main one, is to realize language, by conveying some of the speaker's thoughts in linguistic form. Speech is language made audible. Moreover, when phoneticians compare and describe voices, they usually do so with respect to linguistic units, especially speech sounds, like vowels or consonants. It is therefore necessary to understand the structure as well as nature of speech sounds and how they are described. In order to understand and evaluate the speech, it is important to have at least a basic understanding of science of speech acoustics: how the acoustics of speech are produced, how they are described, and how differences, both between speakers and within speakers, arise in an acoustic output. One of the aims of this article is try to facilitate this understanding.
人类发声是由人类声道专门发出的声音。在其他发声行为中，比如笑声或尖叫声，言语是最为重要的。言语是被称为语言的那种极其人类化的符号交流系统的主要媒介。嗓音的功能之一，或许也是主要功能，是通过以语言形式传达说话者的一些思想来实现语言。言语是听得见的语言。此外，当语音学家比较和描述嗓音时，他们通常是相对于语言单位，尤其是语音，如元音或辅音来进行的。因此有必要了解语音的结构及其本质，以及它们是如何被描述的。为了理解和评估言语，至少对语音声学有一个基本的了解很重要：语音是如何产生的，如何被描述的，以及在声学输出中说话者之间和说话者内部的差异是如何产生的。本文的目的之一就是努力促进这种理解。
