Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, León Guanajuato, Mexico.
Menopause. 2012 Oct;19(10):1140-5. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3182503bde.
Menopause symptoms result from the interaction of estrogen deprivation, psychosocial influences, and genetic factors. We examined the influence of stress and of estrogen receptor-α (ER-α; PvuII and XbaI) and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) polymorphisms on symptoms at postmenopause.
We studied 290 urban women from three cities in Mexico. General characteristics, menopause symptoms, and scores of perceived stress, effort-reward imbalance, dominance, and submission were collected. A fasting blood sample was obtained for hormone measurements and genotypification.
Women had a mean ± SD age of 54.4 ± 4.5 years and BMI of 29.5 ± 4.9 kg/m. The frequency of hot flashes was 75.5%; vaginal dryness, 57.8%; and diminished sexual interest, 78.7%. Follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol levels were 59 ± 27 mIU/mL and 22 ± 29 pg/mL, respectively. Women from Torreón had higher schooling and less parity but higher scores for depression and lower submission. Hot flashes were more frequent in women from León. Genotype distribution was similar among cities. Lower scores for dominance were found in women with the pp and xx ER-α genotypes. Increased smoking habit was found for the SS genotype of 5-HTT. Factors significantly associated with symptoms were years since menopause, with hot flashes (negative), and with diminished sexual interest (positive); dominance was negatively associated with depression, perceived stress, and vaginal dryness; submission was positively associated with depression, perceived stress, anxiety, and hot flashes; and effort-reward imbalance was positively associated with anxiety, hot flashes, and perceived stress.
Symptoms at postmenopause were associated mainly with dominance, submission, and effort-reward imbalance. The pp genotype of ER-α showed lower scores of dominance.
绝经症状是由雌激素缺乏、社会心理影响和遗传因素共同作用的结果。本研究旨在探讨压力以及雌激素受体-α（ER-α；PvuII 和 XbaI）和 5-羟色胺转运体（5-HTT）多态性对绝经后症状的影响。
我们研究了来自墨西哥三个城市的 290 名城市女性。收集了一般特征、绝经症状、感知压力、努力-回报失衡、支配和服从评分以及空腹血样进行激素测量和基因分型。
女性的平均年龄±标准差为 54.4±4.5 岁，BMI 为 29.5±4.9kg/m2。潮热的发生率为 75.5%；阴道干燥为 57.8%；性欲下降为 78.7%。卵泡刺激素和雌二醇水平分别为 59±27mIU/mL 和 22±29pg/mL。来自托雷翁的女性受教育程度更高，生育次数更少，但抑郁评分更高，服从度更低。来自莱昂的女性潮热更为频繁。各城市的基因型分布相似。ER-α 的 pp 和 xx 基因型的女性支配评分较低。5-HTT 的 SS 基因型的吸烟习惯增加。与症状显著相关的因素包括绝经年限，与潮热（负相关）和性欲下降（正相关）；支配与抑郁、感知压力和阴道干燥呈负相关；服从与抑郁、感知压力、焦虑和潮热呈正相关；努力-回报失衡与焦虑、潮热和感知压力呈正相关。
绝经后症状主要与支配、服从和努力-回报失衡有关。ER-α 的 pp 基因型表现出较低的支配评分。
