Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Phytother Res. 2011 Jul;25(7):1098-101. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3395.
Spilanthes spp. are used as traditional herbal medicines in Africa and India to treat malaria. Yet, to date, there are no data on the active constituents or the most effective extraction methods for this indication. The isolated alkylamides, spilanthol and undeca-2E-ene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide, found in S. acmella Murr., were shown to have IC₅₀s of 16.5 μg/mL and 41.4 μg/mL on Plasmodium falciparum strain PFB and IC₅₀s of 5.8 μg/mL and 16.3 μg/mL for the chloroquine resistant P. falciparum K1 strain, respectively. Further investigations revealed that at relatively low concentrations, spilanthol and the water extract of S. acmella reduced the parasitemia 59% and 53% in mice infected with P. yoelii yoelii 17XNL at 5 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively. Unexpectedly, the 95% ethanol extract of S. acmella was less effective (36% reduction in parasitemia) at 50 mg/kg. These results provide the first evidence supporting S. acmella against malaria and demonstrating active constituents in S. acmella against P. falciparum.
斯潘兰蒂斯属植物被用作非洲和印度的传统草药来治疗疟疾。然而，迄今为止，对于这种适应症，没有关于有效成分或最有效的提取方法的数据。从斯潘兰蒂斯 acmella Murr. 中分离出的烷基酰胺，斯潘兰醇和十一碳-2E-烯-8,10-二炔酸异丁酰胺，对恶性疟原虫 PFB 株的 IC₅₀ 分别为 16.5 μg/mL 和 41.4 μg/mL，对氯喹耐药的恶性疟原虫 K1 株的 IC₅₀ 分别为 5.8 μg/mL 和 16.3 μg/mL。进一步的研究表明，在相对较低的浓度下，斯潘兰醇和斯潘兰蒂斯 acmella 的水提取物在 5mg/kg 和 50mg/kg 时分别使感染约氏疟原虫 17XNL 的小鼠的寄生虫血症减少了 59%和 53%。出乎意料的是，斯潘兰蒂斯 acmella 的 95%乙醇提取物在 50mg/kg 时效果较差（寄生虫血症减少 36%）。这些结果首次提供了斯潘兰蒂斯 acmella 抗疟的证据，并证明了斯潘兰蒂斯 acmella 中的活性成分对恶性疟原虫有作用。
