Araujo Patricia R, Yoon Kihoon, Ko Daijin, Smith Andrew D, Qiao Mei, Suresh Uthra, Burns Suzanne C, Penalva Luiz O F
Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
Comp Funct Genomics. 2012;2012:475731. doi: 10.1155/2012/475731. Epub 2012 May 28.
Translation regulation plays important roles in both normal physiological conditions and diseases states. This regulation requires cis-regulatory elements located mostly in 5' and 3' UTRs and trans-regulatory factors (e.g., RNA binding proteins (RBPs)) which recognize specific RNA features and interact with the translation machinery to modulate its activity. In this paper, we discuss important aspects of 5' UTR-mediated regulation by providing an overview of the characteristics and the function of the main elements present in this region, like uORF (upstream open reading frame), secondary structures, and RBPs binding motifs and different mechanisms of translation regulation and the impact they have on gene expression and human health when deregulated.
翻译调控在正常生理状态和疾病状态中都发挥着重要作用。这种调控需要主要位于5'和3'非翻译区（UTR）的顺式调控元件以及反式调控因子（如RNA结合蛋白（RBP）），这些因子识别特定的RNA特征并与翻译机制相互作用以调节其活性。在本文中，我们通过概述该区域中存在的主要元件（如上游开放阅读框（uORF）、二级结构、RBP结合基序）的特征和功能，以及翻译调控的不同机制及其在失调时对基因表达和人类健康的影响，来讨论5'UTR介导调控的重要方面。
