Department of Pediatrics, Upstate Golisano Children's Hospital, Syracuse, NY, USA.
J Pediatr. 2012 Nov;161(5):814-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.05.001. Epub 2012 Jun 12.
To determine the frequency and effects of nosocomial respiratory viral infections (RVIs) in premature neonates, including those who may be asymptomatic.
We performed a year-long surveillance for RVIs in infants <33 weeks gestational age admitted to 2 Syracuse neonatal intensive care units. Infants were enrolled within 3 days of neonatal intensive care unit admission and were sampled for RVIs until discharge using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay capable of detecting 17 different respiratory viruses or subtypes.
Twenty-six of 50 prematurely born infants (52%) tested positive for a respiratory virus at least once during their birth hospitalization. Testing positive for a respiratory virus was significantly associated with longer length of stay (70 days vs 35 days, P = .002) and prolonged ventilatory support (51 vs 13 days, P = .002). Infants who tested positive for a respiratory virus during their birth hospitalization had more than twice the rate of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P < .05).
Nosocomial RVIs were frequent in our study population, despite the absence of clinical indicators of illness. Length of hospital stay was significantly longer and a diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was more common in infants who had respiratory viruses detected.
确定早产儿（包括无症状早产儿）医院获得性呼吸道病毒感染（RVIs）的频率和影响。
我们对在锡拉丘兹的 2 个新生儿重症监护病房住院的胎龄<33 周的婴儿进行了为期 1 年的呼吸道病毒感染监测。婴儿在新生儿重症监护病房入院后 3 天内入组，并使用能够检测 17 种不同呼吸道病毒或亚型的多重聚合酶链反应检测法进行 RVIs 采样，直至出院。
50 名早产儿中，有 26 名（52%）至少有一次在住院期间检测到呼吸道病毒呈阳性。检测到呼吸道病毒与住院时间延长（70 天 vs 35 天，P =.002）和通气支持时间延长（51 天 vs 13 天，P =.002）显著相关。在住院期间检测到呼吸道病毒的婴儿发生支气管肺发育不良的几率高出两倍以上（P <.05）。
尽管没有疾病的临床指标，但我们的研究人群中仍频繁发生医院获得性 RVIs。住院时间明显延长，且检测到呼吸道病毒的婴儿中支气管肺发育不良的诊断更为常见。
