Pilot study of treatment for major depression among women prisoners with substance use disorder.

This study, the largest randomized controlled trial of treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) in an incarcerated population to date, wave-randomized 38 incarcerated women (6 waves) with MDD who were attending prison substance use treatment to adjunctive group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for MDD or to an attention-matched control condition. Intent-to-treat analyses found that IPT participants had significantly lower depressive symptoms at the end of 8 weeks of in-prison treatment than did control participants. Control participants improved later, after prison release. IPT's rapid effect on MDD within prison may reduce serious in-prison consequences of MDD.