Powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with radiowave instruments: surgical outcome according to obstruction level.

Endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR) is an accepted alternative to external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) for relieving obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system. Powered and radiowave instruments are useful for the control of bleeding and for wide exposure of the lacrimal sac and canaliculus. In this study, we evaluated the surgical outcome of powered EDCR with radiowave instruments at five obstruction levels: (1) upper and/or lower canaliculi (obstruction was located less than 8 mm from puncta); (2) common canaliculus (obstruction was less than 10 mm from puncta); (3) lacrimal sac; (4) duct-sac junction; and (5) nasolacrimal duct. The overall success rate was 93.6 % (104/111), with 60.0 % (3/5) success for upper and lower canalicular stenosis, 85.0 % (17/20) for common canalicular stenosis, 92.0 % (23/25) for obstruction at the lacrimal sac, 100 % (41/41) for obstruction at the duct-sac junction, and 100 % (20/20) for nasolacrimal duct obstruction. EDCR resulted in a good overall surgical outcome for any obstruction of the lacrimal drainage pathway compared with external DCR. Powered EDCR using radiowave instruments is useful for not only obstruction of the lacrimal sac and duct-sac junction, but also for that of the upper/lower and common canaliculi.