School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012 Aug 1;4(8):a012872. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a012872.
In a complex multicellular organism, different cell types engage in specialist functions, and as a result, the secretory output of cells and tissues varies widely. Whereas some quiescent cell types secrete minor amounts of proteins, tissues like the pancreas, producing insulin and other hormones, and mature B cells, producing antibodies, place a great demand on their endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Our understanding of how protein secretion in general is controlled in the ER is now quite sophisticated. However, there remain gaps in our knowledge, particularly when applying insight gained from model systems to the more complex situations found in vivo. This article describes recent advances in our understanding of the ER and its role in preparing proteins for secretion, with an emphasis on glycoprotein quality control and pathways of disulfide bond formation.
在复杂的多细胞生物中，不同的细胞类型执行专门的功能，因此，细胞和组织的分泌产物差异很大。有些静止的细胞类型只分泌少量的蛋白质，而像胰腺这样产生胰岛素和其他激素的组织，以及产生抗体的成熟 B 细胞，对它们的内质网（ER）有很高的要求。我们现在对 ER 中一般的蛋白质分泌是如何被控制的有了相当复杂的理解。然而，我们的知识仍然存在空白，特别是在将从模型系统中获得的见解应用于体内更复杂的情况时。本文描述了我们对内质网及其在为分泌准备蛋白质方面的作用的理解的最新进展，重点介绍糖蛋白的质量控制和二硫键形成途径。
