Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012:132146. doi: 10.1155/2012/132146. Epub 2012 Jun 3.
Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases are the two most common causes of dementia in aged population. Both are protein-misfolding diseases characterized by the presence of protein deposits in the brain. Despite growing evidence suggesting that oxidative stress is critical to neuronal death, its precise role in disease etiology and progression has not yet been fully understood. Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae shares conserved biological processes with all eukaryotic cells, including neurons. This fact together with the possibility of simple and quick genetic manipulation highlights this organism as a valuable tool to unravel complex and fundamental mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. In this paper, we summarize the latest knowledge on the role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders, with emphasis on AD and PD. Additionally, we provide an overview of the work undertaken to study AD and PD in yeast, focusing the use of this model to understand the effect of oxidative stress in both diseases.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)和帕金森病(PD)是老年人群中两种最常见的痴呆症病因。这两种疾病都是蛋白质错误折叠疾病,其特征是大脑中存在蛋白质沉积物。尽管越来越多的证据表明氧化应激对神经元死亡至关重要,但它在疾病病因和进展中的确切作用尚未完全理解。酵母酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)与所有真核细胞(包括神经元)共享保守的生物学过程。这一事实以及简单快速的遗传操作的可能性突出了该生物体作为揭示神经退行性变背后复杂和基本机制的有价值工具。本文总结了氧化应激在神经退行性疾病中的最新知识,重点介绍 AD 和 PD。此外,我们还概述了在酵母中研究 AD 和 PD 所做的工作,重点介绍了使用该模型来理解氧化应激对这两种疾病的影响。