Mohd Sahardi Nur Fatin Nabilah, Makpol Suzana
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Aug 20;2019:5054395. doi: 10.1155/2019/5054395. eCollection 2019.
Currently, the age of the population is increasing as a result of increased life expectancy. Ageing is defined as the progressive loss of physiological integrity, which can be characterized by functional impairment and high vulnerability to various types of diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have reported that the presence of oxidative stress and inflammation contributes to the development of these diseases. In general, oxidative stress could induce proinflammatory cytokines and reduce cellular antioxidant capacity. Increased oxidative stress levels beyond the production of antioxidant agents cause oxidative damage to biological molecules, including DNA, protein, and carbohydrates, which affects normal cell signalling, cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis and leads to disease pathogenesis. Since oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to these diseases, ginger ( Roscoe) is one of the potential herbs that can be used to reduce the level of oxidative stress and inflammation. Ginger consists of two major active components, 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol, which are essential for preventing oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, this paper will review the effects of ginger on ageing and degenerative diseases, including AD, PD, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and osteoarthritis.
目前，由于预期寿命的延长，人口年龄正在增加。衰老被定义为生理完整性的逐渐丧失，其特征可以是功能受损以及对各种疾病（如糖尿病、高血压、阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）和动脉粥样硬化）的高度易感性。大量研究报告称，氧化应激和炎症的存在促成了这些疾病的发展。一般来说，氧化应激可诱导促炎细胞因子并降低细胞抗氧化能力。氧化应激水平超过抗氧化剂的产生会对生物分子（包括DNA、蛋白质和碳水化合物）造成氧化损伤，这会影响正常的细胞信号传导、细胞生长、分化和凋亡，并导致疾病发病机制。由于氧化应激和炎症促成了这些疾病，姜（姜科）是可用于降低氧化应激和炎症水平的潜在草药之一。姜由两种主要活性成分6-姜酚和6-姜烯酚组成，它们对于预防氧化应激和炎症至关重要。因此，本文将综述姜对衰老和退行性疾病（包括AD、PD、2型糖尿病（DM）、高血压和骨关节炎）的影响。
