Arcusa Raúl, Villaño Débora, Marhuenda Javier, Cano Miguel, Cerdà Begoña, Zafrilla Pilar
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.
Front Nutr. 2022 Mar 18;9:809621. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.809621. eCollection 2022.
Ginger is composed of multiple bioactive compounds, including 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol, gingerdiones, gingerdiols, paradols, 6-dehydrogingerols, 5-acetoxy-6-gingerol, 3,5-diacetoxy-6-gingerdiol, and 12-gingerol, that contribute to its recognized biological activities. Among them, the major active compounds are 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol. Scientific evidence supports the beneficial properties of ginger, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities and in contrast, a specific and less studied bioactivity is the possible neuroprotective effect. The increase in life expectancy has raised the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), which present common neuropathological features as increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and protein misfolding. The structure-activity relationships of ginger phytochemicals show that ginger can be a candidate to treat NDs by targeting different ligand sites. Its bioactive compounds may improve neurological symptoms and pathological conditions by modulating cell death or cell survival signaling molecules. The cognitive enhancing effects of ginger might be partly explained alteration of both the monoamine and the cholinergic systems in various brain areas. Moreover, ginger decreases the production of inflammatory related factors. The aim of the present review is to summarize the effects of ginger in the prevention of major neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis.
生姜由多种生物活性化合物组成，包括6-姜酚、6-姜烯酚、10-姜酚、姜二酮、姜二醇、姜辣素、6-脱氢姜酚、5-乙酰氧基-6-姜酚、3,5-二乙酰氧基-6-姜二醇和12-姜酚，这些化合物促成了其公认的生物活性。其中，主要的活性化合物是6-姜烯酚和6-姜酚。科学证据支持生姜的有益特性，包括抗氧化和抗炎能力，相比之下，一种特定且较少研究的生物活性是其可能的神经保护作用。预期寿命的增加提高了神经退行性疾病（NDs）的发病率，这些疾病呈现出常见的神经病理学特征，如氧化应激增加、神经炎症和蛋白质错误折叠。生姜植物化学物质的构效关系表明，生姜可以通过靶向不同的配体位点成为治疗神经退行性疾病的候选药物。其生物活性化合物可能通过调节细胞死亡或细胞存活信号分子来改善神经症状和病理状况。生姜的认知增强作用可能部分归因于不同脑区单胺能和胆碱能系统的改变。此外，生姜可减少炎症相关因子的产生。本综述的目的是总结生姜在预防主要神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和多发性硬化症方面的作用。
