Center for Improving Health Outcomes for Children, Teens, and Families, Arizona State University College of Nursing & Health Innovation, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2013 May;10(2):69-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-6787.2012.00257.x. Epub 2012 Jun 15.
Evidence shows that 3-5-year-old children undergo important physical and behavioral changes that include being affected by the amount of food they are served, with larger portions of food served resulting in greater dietary intake. This may be a key finding as researchers continue to identify effective treatments for the growing number of preschool children who are overweight or obese. Knowledge of the effects of varying portion sizes on young children's dietary intake is important; however, because parents of young children control the manner in which children are fed, educating parents regarding the estimation of portion sizes is an approach worth exploring as a way to affect the trajectory of their young child's weight gain.
The purposes of this systematic review were to determine (1) findings regarding the effect of varying portion sizes with young children and (2) the evidence regarding the effects of educating adults to estimate portion sizes. Evidence from this review may guide clinical practice and future research efforts.
A comprehensive literature search was conducted with multiple databases using MeSH Headings and keywords. This search strategy was supplemented by ancestry searches of all relevant articles. Two independent, trained pediatric practitioners determined quality of the studies using established criteria.
Nine studies met the inclusion criteria as portion-manipulation interventions or portion-education/training interventions and were appraised. Evidence showed the positive effect of portion sizes on the energy intake of children. In addition, the ability of adults to accurately estimate portion size improved following education/training.
Although many studies have focused on a variety of portion-related interventions, the influence of portion education with parents of young children has not been well researched. More research is needed to understand the effect of parent-focused, portion-education interventions that encourage appropriate energy intake and healthy weight attainment in young children.
有证据表明，3-5 岁的儿童在身体和行为方面发生重要变化，包括受所提供食物量的影响，所提供的食物量越大，饮食摄入量就越大。随着研究人员继续确定针对越来越多超重或肥胖学龄前儿童的有效治疗方法，这可能是一个关键发现。了解不同份量对幼儿饮食摄入量的影响很重要；然而，由于幼儿的父母控制孩子的喂养方式，因此教育父母估计份量是一种值得探索的方法，可以影响其幼儿体重增加的轨迹。
本系统评价的目的是确定（1）关于不同份量对幼儿的影响的研究结果，以及（2）关于教育成年人估计份量的效果的证据。本综述的证据可能指导临床实践和未来的研究工作。
使用多个数据库，使用 MeSH 标题和关键字进行了全面的文献检索。该搜索策略通过对所有相关文章进行追溯搜索进行了补充。两名独立的、经过培训的儿科医生使用既定标准确定了研究的质量。
有 9 项研究符合作为份量操纵干预或份量教育/培训干预的纳入标准，并进行了评估。证据表明份量大小对儿童的能量摄入有积极影响。此外，成年人在接受教育/培训后，准确估计份量的能力得到了提高。
尽管许多研究都集中在各种与份量相关的干预措施上，但针对幼儿父母的份量教育的影响尚未得到很好的研究。需要更多的研究来了解以父母为中心、鼓励幼儿适当摄入能量和实现健康体重的份量教育干预措施的效果。
