College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop Sciences, and the NSF WaterCAMPWS Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Jul 17;46(14):7811-7. doi: 10.1021/es300859t. Epub 2012 Jul 3.
Alternative technologies to disinfect drinking water such as ultraviolet (UV) disinfection are becoming more widespread. The benefits of UV disinfection include reduced risk of microbial pathogens such as Cryptosporidium and reduced production of regulated drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs). The objective of this research was to determine if mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity varied in response to different chlorination protocols with and without polychromatic medium pressure UV (MPUV) and monochromatic low pressure UV (LPUV) disinfection technologies. The specific aims were to analyze the mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of concentrated organic fractions from source water before and after chlorination and to determine the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the concentrated organic fractions from water samples treated with UV alone or UV before or after chlorination. Exposure of granular activated carbon-filtered Ohio River water to UV alone resulted in the lowest levels of mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. With combinations of UV and chlorine, the lowest levels of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were observed with MPUV radiation. The best combined UV plus chlorine methodology that generated the lowest cytotoxicity and genotoxicity employed chlorination first followed by MPUV radiation. These data may prove important in the development of multibarrier methods of pathogen inactivation of drinking water, while limiting unintended toxic consequences.
替代饮用水消毒技术，如紫外线（UV）消毒，正变得越来越普遍。紫外线消毒的好处包括降低了隐孢子虫等微生物病原体的风险，以及减少了受管制的饮用水消毒副产物（DBP）的产生。本研究的目的是确定哺乳动物细胞的细胞毒性和遗传毒性是否会因不同的氯化方案而有所不同，这些方案包括有无多色中压 UV（MPUV）和单色低压 UV（LPUV）消毒技术。具体目的是分析原水在氯化前后浓缩有机部分的哺乳动物细胞毒性和遗传毒性，并确定单独用 UV 处理或 UV 处理前后氯化的水样中浓缩有机部分的细胞毒性和遗传毒性。单独暴露于颗粒活性炭过滤的俄亥俄河水中的 UV 导致哺乳动物细胞毒性和遗传毒性最低。在 UV 和氯的组合中，MPUV 辐射观察到的细胞毒性和遗传毒性最低。生成最低细胞毒性和遗传毒性的最佳 UV 加氯联合方法是先氯化后 MPUV 辐射。这些数据可能对开发饮用水病原体灭活的多屏障方法非常重要，同时限制意外的毒性后果。
