Grup de Mutagenesi, Departament de Genetica i de Microbiologia, Edifici Cn, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 May 1;44(9):3527-32. doi: 10.1021/es903593w.
Swimming and hot tub bathing are popular exercises and diversions. Disinfection of recreational pools is essential to prevent outbreaks of infectious disease. Recent research demonstrated an association between the application of disinfectants to recreational pools and adverse health outcomes. These pool waters represent extreme cases of disinfection that differ from disinfecting drinking waters. Pool waters are continuously exposed to disinfectants over average residence times extending to months. Disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors include natural humic substances plus inputs from bathers through urine, sweat, hair, skin, and consumer products including cosmetics and sunscreens. This study presents a systematic mammalian cell genotoxicity analysis to evaluate different recreational waters derived from a common tap water source. The data demonstrated that all disinfected recreational pool water samples induced more genomic DNA damage than the source tap water. The type of disinfectant and illumination conditions altered the genotoxicity of the water. Accordingly, care should be taken in the disinfectant employed to treat recreational pool waters. The genotoxicity data suggest that brominating agents should be avoided. Combining chlorine with UV may be beneficial as compared to chlorination alone. During the recycling of pool water the organic carbon could be removed prior to disinfection. Behavior modification by swimmers may be critical in reducing the genotoxicity of pool water. Actions such as showering before entering the water and informing patrons about the potential harm from urinating in a pool could reduce the precursors of toxic DBPs.
游泳和热水浴是很受欢迎的运动和消遣方式。为了防止传染病的爆发，对娱乐性游泳池进行消毒是至关重要的。最近的研究表明，在娱乐性游泳池中使用消毒剂与不良健康结果之间存在关联。这些泳池水代表了极端的消毒情况，与消毒饮用水不同。泳池水在平均停留时间内持续暴露于消毒剂中，最长可达数月。消毒副产物（DBP）前体包括天然腐殖质，以及来自游泳者的尿液、汗水、毛发、皮肤和个人护理产品（包括化妆品和防晒霜）的输入物。本研究进行了系统的哺乳动物细胞遗传毒性分析，以评估来自同一自来水水源的不同娱乐性用水。数据表明，所有消毒后的娱乐性泳池水样都比原水引起更多的基因组 DNA 损伤。消毒剂的类型和光照条件改变了水的遗传毒性。因此，在处理娱乐性泳池水时应谨慎选择消毒剂。遗传毒性数据表明，应避免使用溴化剂。与单独氯化相比，氯与紫外线结合可能更有益。在泳池水循环过程中，可在消毒前去除水中的有机碳。游泳者的行为改变可能对降低泳池水的遗传毒性至关重要。例如，在进入泳池前淋浴，以及告知泳客在泳池中排尿可能造成的潜在危害，这些措施都可以减少有毒 DBP 的前体物。
