Seafood Microbiology and Technology Section, Marine Research Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Vigo, Spain.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2012 Jul 2;157(2):286-96. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.05.021. Epub 2012 Jun 2.
A total of 298 fishery products purchased from retail outlets in Galicia (NW Spain) between January 2008 and May 2009 were analyzed for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. S. aureus was detected in a significant proportion of products (~25%). Incidence was highest in fresh (43%) and frozen products (30%), but it was high in all other categories: salted fish (27%), smoked fish (26%), ready-to-cook products (25%), non-frozen surimis (20%), fish roes (17%) and other ready-to-eat products (10%). A significant proportion of smoked fish, surimis, fish roes and other ready-to-eat products did not comply with legal limits in force. RAPD-PCR of 125 S. aureus isolated from fishery products was carried out using three primers (AP-7, ERIC-2 and S). Isolates displayed 33 fingerprint patterns. Each pattern was attributed to a single bacterial clone. Cluster analysis based on similarity values between RAPD fingerprints did not find relationship between any RAPD pattern and any product category. Isolates were also tested for se genes and susceptibility to a range of antibiotics (cephalothin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, oxacillin, penicillin G, tetracycline, vancomycin, methicillin, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). Most isolates (88%) were found to be sea positive. Putative enterotoxigenic strains counts reached high risk levels in 17 products. No relationship was found between the presence of se genes and RAPD patterns. All isolates were resistant to penicillin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin, and most to tetracycline (82.4%), but none was methicillin-resistant. A revision of pre-requisite programs leading to improve hygienic practices in handling and processing operations from fishing or farming to retail is recommended to ensure fishery products safety.
从 2008 年 1 月至 2009 年 5 月，在西班牙西北部加利西亚的零售店共购买了 298 种渔产品，用以分析金黄色葡萄球菌的存在情况。在相当一部分产品（~25%）中检测到了金黄色葡萄球菌。新鲜（43%）和冷冻产品（30%）的发病率最高，但在其他所有类别中发病率也很高：咸鱼（27%）、熏鱼（26%）、即食产品（25%）、非冷冻生鱼片（20%）、鱼卵（17%）和其他即食产品（10%）。相当一部分熏鱼、生鱼片、鱼卵和其他即食产品不符合现行的法定限量标准。采用 3 种引物（AP-7、ERIC-2 和 S）对从渔产品中分离的 125 株金黄色葡萄球菌进行了 RAPD-PCR。分离株显示出 33 种指纹图谱。每种图谱都归因于单个细菌克隆。基于 RAPD 指纹相似性值的聚类分析未发现任何 RAPD 模式与任何产品类别之间存在关系。还测试了分离株的 se 基因和对一系列抗生素（头孢噻吩、克林霉素、氯霉素、红霉素、庆大霉素、苯唑西林、青霉素 G、四环素、万古霉素、甲氧西林、环丙沙星和甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑）的敏感性。大多数分离株（88%）被发现为 sea 阳性。17 种产品中潜在的肠毒素产生菌的计数达到了高风险水平。未发现 se 基因与 RAPD 图谱之间存在关系。所有分离株均对青霉素、氯霉素和环丙沙星耐药，对四环素（82.4%）耐药最严重，但均对甲氧西林耐药。建议修订从捕捞或养殖到零售的处理和加工操作的前提方案，以提高卫生实践，从而确保渔产品的安全。
