Department of Ophthalmology & Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Blood. 2012 Sep 13;120(11):2182-94. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-04-396846. Epub 2012 Jun 15.
The generation of blood vessels is a highly synchronized process requiring the coordinated efforts of several vascular and nonvascular cell populations as well as a stringent orchestration by the tissue being vascularized. Stereotyped angiogenesis is vital for both developmental growth and to restore tissue metabolic supply after ischemic events. Central neurons such as those found in the brain, spinal cord, and retina are vast consumers of oxygen and nutrients and therefore require high rates of perfusion by functional vascular networks to ensure proper sensory transmission. During a metabolic mismatch, such as that occurring during a cerebrovascular infarct or in ischemic retinopathies, there is increasing evidence that central neurons have an inherent ability to influence the vascular response to injury. With a focus on the retina and retinal ischemic disorders, this review explores the ever-growing evidence suggesting that central neurons have the propensity to impact tissue vascularization and reparative angiogenesis. Moreover, it addresses the paradoxical ability of severely ischemic neurons to hinder vascular regrowth and thus segregate the most severely injured zones of nervous tissue. The topics covered here are pertinent for future therapeutic strategies because promoting and steering vascular growth may be beneficial for ischemic disorders.
血管生成是一个高度同步的过程，需要几个血管和非血管细胞群体的协调努力，以及被血管化的组织的严格协调。定型的血管生成对于发育生长和在缺血事件后恢复组织代谢供应都是至关重要的。中枢神经元，如大脑、脊髓和视网膜中的神经元，是氧气和营养物质的大量消耗者，因此需要功能性血管网络以高灌注率来确保适当的感觉传递。在代谢不匹配的情况下，例如发生在脑血管梗塞或缺血性视网膜病变时，越来越多的证据表明中枢神经元具有内在的能力来影响对损伤的血管反应。本综述以视网膜和视网膜缺血性疾病为重点，探讨了越来越多的证据表明中枢神经元有影响组织血管生成和修复性血管生成的倾向。此外，它还解决了严重缺血神经元阻碍血管再生的矛盾能力，从而使最严重损伤的神经组织区域分隔开来。这里讨论的主题与未来的治疗策略有关，因为促进和引导血管生长可能对缺血性疾病有益。
