Chen Pengfan, Ji Jing, Chen Xinyi, Zhang Jiali, Wen Xiangyi, Liu Longqian
Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Department of Optometry and Visual Science. West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
West China school of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2024 Dec 20;12:1512988. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1512988. eCollection 2024.
Myopia, a major public health problem, involves axial elongation and thinning of all layers of the eye, including sclera, choroid and retina, which defocuses incoming light and thereby blurs vision. How the various populations of glia in the retina are involved in the disorder is unclear. Astrocytes and Müller cells provide structural support to the retina. Astrogliosis in myopia may influence blood oxygen supply, neuronal function, and axon diameter, which in turn may affect signal conduction. Müller cells act as a sensor of mechanical stretching in myopia and trigger downstream molecular responses. Microglia, for their part, may exhibit a reactive morphology and elevated response to inflammation in myopia. This review assesses current knowledge about how myopia may involve retinal glia, and it explores directions for future research into that question.
近视是一个主要的公共卫生问题，涉及眼轴伸长以及包括巩膜、脉络膜和视网膜在内的眼各层变薄，这会使入射光散焦，从而导致视力模糊。目前尚不清楚视网膜中不同类型的神经胶质细胞如何参与该疾病。星形胶质细胞和穆勒细胞为视网膜提供结构支持。近视中的星形胶质细胞增生可能会影响血氧供应、神经元功能和轴突直径，进而可能影响信号传导。穆勒细胞在近视中充当机械拉伸的传感器，并触发下游分子反应。就小胶质细胞而言，它们在近视中可能呈现反应性形态并对炎症的反应增强。本综述评估了关于近视如何涉及视网膜神经胶质细胞的现有知识，并探讨了该问题未来的研究方向。
