BASF Personal Care and Nutrition GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Arch Toxicol. 2012 Aug;86(8):1273-95. doi: 10.1007/s00204-012-0867-6. Epub 2012 Jun 16.
Contact allergies are complex diseases, and it is estimated that 15-20 % of the general population suffers from contact allergy, with increasing prevalence. Evaluation of the sensitization potential of a substance is usually carried out in animal models. Nowadays, there is much interest in reducing and ultimately replacing current animal tests. Furthermore, as of 2013, the EU has posed a ban on animal testing of cosmetic ingredients that includes skin sensitization. Therefore, predictive and robust in vitro tests are urgently needed. In order to establish alternatives to animal testing, the in vitro tests must mimic the very complex interactions between the sensitizing chemical and the different parts of the immune system. This review article summarizes recent efforts to develop in vitro tests for predicting skin sensitizers. Cell-based assays, in chemico methods and, to a lesser extent, in silico methods are presented together with a discussion of their current status. With considerable progress having been achieved during the last years, the rationale today is that data from different non-animal test methods will have to be combined in order to obtain reliable hazard and potency information on potential skin sensitizers.
接触过敏是一种复杂的疾病，据估计，15-20%的普通人群患有接触过敏症，且其发病率呈上升趋势。通常在动物模型中评估物质的致敏潜力。如今，人们对减少和最终取代当前的动物试验非常感兴趣。此外，自 2013 年以来，欧盟已禁止对包括皮肤致敏在内的化妆品成分进行动物试验。因此，迫切需要具有预测性和稳健性的体外测试。为了建立动物试验的替代品，体外测试必须模拟致敏化学物质与免疫系统不同部分之间非常复杂的相互作用。本文综述了近年来开发用于预测皮肤致敏剂的体外测试的最新进展。本文介绍了基于细胞的测定、计算方法，以及在较小程度上的计算方法，并讨论了它们的现状。在过去几年中取得了相当大的进展，今天的基本原理是，必须结合来自不同非动物测试方法的数据，以便获得有关潜在皮肤致敏剂的可靠危害和效力信息。
