Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Room 5-3216, Building 10-CRC, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A.
Essays Biochem. 2012;52:13-22. doi: 10.1042/bse0520013.
Acetylation, through the post-transcriptional modification of histones, is a well-established regulator of gene transcription. More recent research has also identified an important role for acetylation in the regulation of non-histone proteins, both inside and outside the nucleus. As a fast (and reversible) post-translational process, acetylation allows cells to rapidly alter the function of existing proteins, making it ideally suited to biological programmes that require an immediate response to changing conditions. Using metabolic programmes as an example, the present chapter looks at how reversible acetylation can be used to regulate important enzymes in an ever-changing cellular environment.
乙酰化作用通过组蛋白的转录后修饰，是基因转录的一个既定的调控因子。最近的研究还发现，乙酰化在核内外非组蛋白的调控中也起着重要作用。作为一种快速（和可逆）的翻译后过程，乙酰化使细胞能够迅速改变现有蛋白质的功能，使其非常适合于需要对不断变化的条件做出即时反应的生物学程序。本文以代谢程序为例，探讨了如何利用可逆乙酰化来调节不断变化的细胞环境中的重要酶。
