Yerkes National Primate Center, Emory University, 2409 Taylor Lane, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012 Apr;112(4):518-26. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2011.12.001.
This review presents a conceptual framework for understanding the relationship between social position and obesity, focusing on stress as a contributing factor. Through a systematic review of the literature, the studies that assess associations between social position, stress levels, dietary behaviors, and obesity risk in human beings were identified. Fourteen studies were retained based upon a priori inclusion/exclusion criteria. Across studies, individuals in higher status positions tended to have lower stress levels, healthier eating patterns, and lower body weight. Higher stress was associated with less healthy dietary behaviors and with higher body weight. These patterns were more pronounced in women than in men. The nature of the stress-eating-obesity relationship is complicated, and this literature must be developed further, because its advancement may be instrumental in identifying successful stress management techniques that can be used by food and nutrition practitioners to improve nutrition-related outcomes.
这篇综述提出了一个理解社会地位与肥胖之间关系的概念框架，重点关注压力作为一个促成因素。通过对文献的系统回顾，确定了评估人类社会地位、压力水平、饮食行为和肥胖风险之间关联的研究。根据事先设定的纳入/排除标准，保留了 14 项研究。在这些研究中，处于较高社会地位的个体往往压力水平较低、饮食习惯更健康、体重也更低。较高的压力与较不健康的饮食行为和更高的体重有关。这些模式在女性中比男性更为明显。压力-饮食-肥胖之间的关系很复杂，这一领域的文献还需要进一步发展，因为这一进展可能有助于确定成功的压力管理技术，食品和营养从业者可以利用这些技术来改善与营养相关的结果。
