Risk Factor Monitoring and Methods Branch, Applied Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012 May;112(5):624-635.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2011.11.012. Epub 2012 Apr 25.
Income and race/ethnicity are associated with differences in dietary intakes that may contribute to health disparities among members of the US population.
To examine alignment of intakes of food groups and energy from solid fats, added sugars, and alcohol with the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and MyPyramid, by family income and race/ethnicity.
Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey, for 2001-2004.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Persons aged ≥2 years for whom reliable dietary intake data were available (n=16,338) were categorized by income (lowest, middle, and highest) and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American).
The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate the proportions of adults and children in each income and race/ethnic group whose usual intakes met the recommendations.
Higher income was associated with greater adherence to recommendations for most food groups; the proportions meeting minimum recommendations among adults in the highest income group were double that observed for the lowest income group for total vegetables, milk, and oils. Fewer differences by income were apparent among children. Among the race/ethnic groups, the proportions meeting recommendations were generally lowest among non-Hispanic blacks. Marked differences were observed for milk-15% of non-Hispanic black children met the minimum recommendations compared with 42% of non-Hispanic white children and 35% of Mexican-American children; a similar pattern was evident for adults. One in five Mexican-American adults met the dry beans and peas recommendations compared with approximately 2% of non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks. Most adults and children consumed excess energy from solid fats and added sugars irrespective of income and race/ethnicity.
The diets of some subpopulations, particularly individuals in lower-income households and non-Hispanic blacks, are especially poor in relation to dietary recommendations, supporting the need for comprehensive strategies to enable healthier dietary intake patterns.
收入和种族/民族与饮食摄入的差异有关，这些差异可能导致美国人口中不同人群的健康状况存在差异。
根据家庭收入和种族/民族，研究食物组和来自固体脂肪、添加糖和酒精的能量摄入量与 2005 年美国人膳食指南和 MyPyramid 的一致性。
2001-2004 年全国健康和营养调查的横断面、全国代表性调查的数据。
参与者/设置：对于有可靠饮食摄入数据的年龄≥2 岁的人群（n=16338），按收入（最低、中、最高）和种族/民族（非西班牙裔白人、非西班牙裔黑人、墨西哥裔美国人）进行分类。
使用国家癌症研究所的方法来估计每个收入和种族/民族组中符合建议的成年人和儿童的比例。
较高的收入与大多数食物组的建议遵守度更高相关；在最高收入组中，成年人符合最低建议的比例是最低收入组的两倍，对于总蔬菜、牛奶和油类而言更是如此。在儿童中，收入差异则不太明显。在种族/民族群体中，符合建议的比例通常在非西班牙裔黑人中最低。对于牛奶，非西班牙裔黑人儿童中只有 15%符合最低建议，而非西班牙裔白人儿童中有 42%，墨西哥裔美国儿童中有 35%；对于成年人，也存在类似的模式。五分之一的墨西哥裔美国成年人符合干豆和豌豆的建议，相比之下，大约 2%的非西班牙裔白人和非西班牙裔黑人符合该建议。大多数成年人和儿童摄入的来自固体脂肪和添加糖的能量都超标，而不论收入和种族/民族如何。
一些亚人群，特别是低收入家庭的个体和非西班牙裔黑人，其饮食与饮食建议特别不符，这支持了需要采取综合策略来促进更健康的饮食模式。
