Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
Addict Behav. 2012 Oct;37(10):1185-8. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.05.015. Epub 2012 Jun 2.
Behavioral disinhibition has been suggested as both a cause and consequence of substance use disorders. Many studies examining associations between behavioral disinhibition and substance use history have focused on individuals with alcohol dependence or non-dependent college students. In the present study, the relationship between behavioral disinhibition and cocaine use history in individuals with cocaine dependence is examined.
Forty-six non-treatment-seeking cocaine-dependent men and women completed impulsivity (Barratt impulsiveness scale; BIS) and novelty seeking (temperament and character inventory; TCI) questionnaires at the baseline visit of an ongoing study. Unadjusted, and adjusted for gender and age, Pearson correlations were calculated between BIS, TCI, and cocaine use variables from the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV and timeline follow-back (age of onset, quantity/frequency of past 30 day cocaine use).
As expected, elevated motor impulsivity and novelty seeking were each associated with younger age of dependence onset. Also, individuals with lower levels of persistence on the TCI reported more days of cocaine use over the previous month. Unexpectedly, increased novelty seeking and attentional impulsivity were associated with fewer days of cocaine use and less money spent on cocaine, respectively. Controlling for age and gender did not substantially change the pattern of observed associations.
The present study provides preliminary evidence for associations between behavioral disinhibition and cocaine use history in cocaine-dependent individuals. Given our relatively small sample size and the correlational nature of our findings, further research is needed to replicate and extend our results.
行为抑制被认为是物质使用障碍的原因和结果。许多研究检查了行为抑制与物质使用史之间的关系，主要集中在酒精依赖或非依赖性大学生个体上。在本研究中，检查了可卡因依赖个体中行为抑制与可卡因使用史之间的关系。
46 名未经治疗的可卡因依赖男性和女性在一项正在进行的研究的基线访视时完成了冲动性（巴瑞特冲动量表；BIS）和新奇寻求（气质和性格问卷；TCI）问卷。在调整了性别和年龄后，计算了 BIS、TCI 与 DSM-IV 结构化临床访谈和时间线随访（依赖起始年龄、过去 30 天可卡因使用量/频率）中可卡因使用变量之间的 Pearson 相关系数。
正如预期的那样，较高的运动冲动性和新奇寻求性与依赖性起始年龄较小有关。此外，TCI 上的持久性较低的个体报告过去一个月可卡因使用天数较多。出乎意料的是，增加新奇寻求和注意力冲动性分别与可卡因使用天数减少和可卡因花费减少有关。控制年龄和性别并没有实质性地改变观察到的关联模式。
本研究为可卡因依赖个体中行为抑制与可卡因使用史之间的关联提供了初步证据。鉴于我们的样本量相对较小，以及我们研究结果的相关性，需要进一步的研究来复制和扩展我们的结果。
