Department of Psychiatry, Law & Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 222 Maple Ave, Chang Building, Shrewsbury, MA, 01545, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Center for Comparative NeuroImaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2018 Jul;46(5):993-1009. doi: 10.1007/s10802-017-0364-8.
Adults with psychopathy have a high propensity for substance abuse, generally starting from a young age. This investigation tested hypotheses about differences in the neural responses associated with drug craving among high-risk young offenders with histories of abuse of stimulants and other drugs as a function of psychopathic traits. Fifty-four male adolescents (44 with a history of stimulant abuse and 10 controls) incarcerated at a maximum-security facility (M age = 17.08 years) completed a drug-cue exposure task while brain hemodynamic activity was monitored using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a mobile MRI scanner stationed at the facility. Psychopathic traits were assessed using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV). In the stimulant abuser group, drug cues elicited activity in classic reward circuitry. Consistent with studies of adult psychopathic traits and substance abuse, there was a negative association between PCL-YV scores and hemodynamic response related to drug craving in the amygdala and ACC in youth with a history of stimulant abuse. However, there were considerably more negative associations between the PCL:YV and hemodynamic response among youth than adults and this was primarily due to callous-unemotional traits rather than interpersonal or behavioral traits. The implications for how personality traits modulate motivations for drug-seeking behavior among adolescent offenders are discussed.
成年精神病患者有很高的物质滥用倾向，通常从年轻时就开始。这项研究检验了一些假设，即与滥用兴奋剂和其他药物的高风险年轻罪犯的药物渴求相关的神经反应存在差异，这些差异与精神病特质有关。54 名男性青少年（44 名有滥用兴奋剂史，10 名对照）被监禁在最高安全设施中（M 年龄=17.08 岁），完成了药物线索暴露任务，同时使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）监测大脑血液动力学活动，使用驻留在该设施的移动 MRI 扫描仪。使用 Hare 精神病检查表：青年版（PCL:YV）评估精神病特质。在兴奋剂滥用者组中，药物线索引发了经典奖励回路的活动。与成人精神病特质和物质滥用的研究一致，在有兴奋剂滥用史的青少年中，PCL-YV 评分与与药物渴求相关的杏仁核和 ACC 的血液动力学反应之间呈负相关。然而，在青少年中，PCL:YV 与血液动力学反应之间的负相关关系比成年人多得多，这主要是由于冷酷无情的特质，而不是人际或行为特质。讨论了人格特质如何调节青少年罪犯寻求药物行为的动机。
