Department of Psychology, Durham University, UK.
Cognition. 2012 Sep;124(3):261-71. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2012.05.018. Epub 2012 Jun 18.
Personality trait attribution can underpin important social decisions and yet requires little effort; even a brief exposure to a photograph can generate lasting impressions. Body movement is a channel readily available to observers and allows judgements to be made when facial and body appearances are less visible; e.g., from great distances. Across three studies, we assessed the reliability of trait judgements of point-light walkers and identified motion-related visual cues driving observers' judgements. The findings confirm that observers make reliable, albeit inaccurate, trait judgements, and these were linked to a small number of motion components derived from a Principal Component Analysis of the motion data. Parametric manipulation of the motion components linearly affected trait ratings, providing strong evidence that the visual cues captured by these components drive observers' trait judgements. Subsequent analyses suggest that reliability of trait ratings was driven by impressions of emotion, attractiveness and masculinity.
人格特质归因可以为重要的社会决策提供依据，但却几乎不费吹灰之力；即使是短暂地接触一张照片，也能产生持久的印象。身体运动是观察者很容易获得的一种渠道，当面部和身体外观不太明显时，例如从很远的距离，也可以进行判断。在三项研究中，我们评估了点动步行者特质判断的可靠性，并确定了运动相关的视觉线索，这些线索驱动着观察者的判断。研究结果证实，观察者做出了可靠的、尽管不准确的特质判断，这些判断与从运动数据主成分分析中得出的少数几个运动成分有关。运动成分的参数化操纵线性地影响了特质评分，这有力地证明了这些成分所捕捉到的视觉线索驱动着观察者的特质判断。随后的分析表明，特质评分的可靠性是由情绪、吸引力和阳刚气质的印象驱动的。
