Ciolac Emmanuel Gomes
Am J Cardiovasc Dis. 2012;2(2):102-10. Epub 2012 May 15.
Essential arterial hypertension is the most common risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Regular exercise is a well-established intervention for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Continuous moderate-intensity exercise training (CMT) that can be sustained for 30 min or more has been traditionally recommended for hypertension prevention and treatment. On the other hand, several studies have shown that high-intensity interval training (HIT), which consists of several bouts of high-intensity exercise (~85% to 95% of HR(MAX) and/or VO(2MAX) lasting 1 to 4 min interspersed with intervals of rest or active recovery, is superior to CMT for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, endothelial function and its markers, insulin sensitivity, markers of sympathetic activity and arterial stiffness in hypertensive and normotensive at high familial risk for hypertension subjects. This compelling evidence suggesting larger beneficial effects of HIT for several factors involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension raises the hypothesis that HIT may be more effective for preventing and controlling hypertension.
原发性高血压是心血管疾病发病和死亡的最常见危险因素。规律运动是预防和治疗高血压的一种公认的干预措施。传统上一直推荐持续30分钟或更长时间的持续中等强度运动训练（CMT）用于高血压的预防和治疗。另一方面，多项研究表明，高强度间歇训练（HIT），即由几次高强度运动（约为心率最大值（HR(MAX)）和/或最大摄氧量（VO(2MAX)）的85%至95%，持续1至4分钟）穿插休息或积极恢复的间歇组成，在改善高血压患者以及高血压高家族风险的正常血压受试者的心肺适能、内皮功能及其标志物、胰岛素敏感性、交感神经活动标志物和动脉僵硬度方面优于CMT。这一令人信服的证据表明HIT对高血压病理生理学涉及的多个因素具有更大的有益作用，从而提出了HIT可能在预防和控制高血压方面更有效的假设。
