Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2013 Apr 10;368(1-2):1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.06.007. Epub 2012 Jun 19.
Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It is caused by a disturbed balance between cholesterol secretion into the blood versus uptake. The pathways involved are regulated via a complex interplay of enzymes, transport proteins, transcription factors and non-coding RNA's. The last two decades insight into underlying mechanisms has increased vastly but there are still a lot of unknowns, particularly regarding intracellular cholesterol transport. After decades of concentration on the liver, in recent years the intestine has come into focus as an important control point in cholesterol homeostasis. This review will discuss current knowledge of cholesterol physiology, with emphasis on cholesterol absorption, cholesterol synthesis and fecal excretion, and new (possible) therapeutic options for hypercholesterolemia.
高胆固醇血症是心血管疾病的一个重要危险因素。它是由胆固醇在血液中的分泌与摄取之间的平衡失调引起的。涉及的途径通过酶、转运蛋白、转录因子和非编码 RNA 的复杂相互作用来调节。在过去的二十年中，人们对潜在机制的认识有了很大的提高，但仍有很多未知，特别是关于细胞内胆固醇运输的未知。经过几十年对肝脏的关注，近年来，肠道作为胆固醇动态平衡的一个重要控制点引起了人们的关注。这篇综述将讨论胆固醇生理学的最新知识，重点介绍胆固醇吸收、胆固醇合成和粪便排泄，并讨论高胆固醇血症的新（可能）治疗选择。
