National Development and Research Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA.
Int J Drug Policy. 2012 Nov;23(6):473-80. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.04.003. Epub 2012 Jun 23.
In recent years, numerous weather disasters have crippled many cities and towns across the United States of America. Such disasters present a unique opportunity for analyses of the disintegration and reformulation of drug markets. Disasters present new facts which cannot be "explained" by existing theories. Recent and continuing disasters present a radically different picture from that of police crack downs where market disruptions are carried out on a limited basis (both use and sales). Generally, users and sellers move to other locations and business continues as usual.
The Katrina Disaster in 2005 offered a larger opportunity to understand the functioning and processes by which drug markets may or may not survive. Utilizing a variety of qualitative data including ethnographic field notes, in-depth interview transcripts, and focus group transcripts, we investigate the operation of the New Orleans drug market before, during, and after Hurricane Katrina.
Our data clearly indicate that drug markets go through a series of stages in the wake of disaster in which they disintegrate and then reconstitute themselves. In the case of New Orleans, the post-Katrina drug market was radically different from the pre-Katrina drug market.
Ultimately this manuscript presents a paradigm which uses stages as a testable concept to scientifically examine the disintegration and reformulation of drug markets during disaster or crisis situations. It describes the specific processes - referred to as stages - which drug markets must go through in order to function and survive during and after a natural disaster.
近年来，美国许多城市和城镇都遭受了多次天气灾害的破坏。这些灾害为分析毒品市场的瓦解和重组提供了独特的机会。灾害带来了新的事实，这些事实无法用现有理论“解释”。最近和持续的灾害呈现出与警察打击毒品截然不同的景象，后者在有限的基础上（包括使用和销售）进行市场扰乱。通常，用户和卖家会转移到其他地点，业务照常继续。
2005 年的卡特里娜飓风灾害提供了一个更大的机会，以了解毒品市场可能或可能无法生存的运作和过程。我们利用各种定性数据，包括民族志实地笔记、深入访谈记录和焦点小组记录，调查了卡特里娜飓风前后新奥尔良毒品市场的运作情况。
我们的数据清楚地表明，毒品市场在灾害发生后会经历一系列阶段，在这些阶段中，它们会瓦解，然后重新组合。在新奥尔良的情况下，卡特里娜飓风后的毒品市场与卡特里娜飓风前的毒品市场有很大的不同。
最终，本文提出了一个范式，该范式使用阶段作为一个可测试的概念，从科学上检验毒品市场在灾害或危机情况下的瓦解和重组。它描述了毒品市场在自然灾害期间和之后为了运作和生存必须经历的具体过程——称为阶段。
