School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster Institute of Environment and Health, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, GSB #206, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
J Immigr Minor Health. 2013 Feb;15(1):141-8. doi: 10.1007/s10903-012-9640-4.
Research and practice increasingly suggests discrimination compromises health. Yet the unique experiences and effects facing immigrant and refugee populations remain poorly understood in Canada and abroad. We review current knowledge on discrimination against newcomers in Canada, emphasizing impacts upon health status and service access to identify gaps and research needs. Existing knowledge centers around experiences within health-care settings, differences in perception and coping, mental health impacts, and debates about "non-discriminatory" health-care. There is need for comparative analyses within and across ethno-cultural groups and newcomer classes to better understand factors shaping how discrimination and its health effects are differentially experienced. Women receive greater attention in the literature given their compounded vulnerability. While this must continue, little is known about the experiences of youth and men. Governance and policy discourse analyses would elucidate how norms, institutions and practices shape discriminatory attitudes and responses. Finally, "non-discriminatory health-care" interventions require critical evaluation to determine their effectiveness.
研究和实践越来越表明，歧视会损害健康。然而，在加拿大和其他国家，移民和难民所面临的独特经历和影响仍未得到充分理解。我们回顾了加拿大针对新移民的歧视的现有知识，强调了对健康状况和服务获取的影响，以确定差距和研究需求。现有知识集中在医疗保健环境中的经历、认知和应对方面的差异、心理健康影响以及关于“无歧视”医疗保健的争论。需要在族裔和新移民群体内部和之间进行比较分析，以更好地了解影响歧视及其健康影响的不同经历的因素。由于女性的脆弱性更为复杂，因此她们在文献中受到了更多的关注。虽然这一点必须继续下去，但对于青年人和男性的经历却知之甚少。治理和政策话语分析将阐明规范、制度和实践如何塑造歧视性态度和反应。最后，需要对“无歧视医疗保健”干预措施进行批判性评估，以确定其有效性。
