Kenny Kathleen S, Wanigaratne Susitha, Merry Lisa, Siddiqi Arjumand, Urquia Marcelo L
Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children, SickKids Research Institute & the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024 Aug 20. doi: 10.1007/s40615-024-02128-4.
We examined the link between discrimination and self-rated mental health (SRMH) among immigrants and Canadian-born individuals, stratified according to an individual's identification as racialized or white. Using data from Canada's General Social Survey (2014) (weighted N = 27,575,000) with a novel oversample of immigrants, we estimated the association of perceived discrimination with SRMH separately among immigrants and Canadian-born individuals and stratified by racialized status. Among immigrants, we also investigated whether age-at-arrival attenuated or strengthened associations. The prevalence of discrimination was higher among racialized compared to white immigrants (18.9% versus 11.8%), and among racialized compared to white non-immigrants (20.0% versus 10.5%). In the adjusted model with immigrants, where white immigrants not reporting discrimination were the referent group, both white (adjusted prevalence odds ratio [aPOR] 6.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.08, 12.12) and racialized immigrants (aPOR 2.28, 95% CI 1.29, 4.04) who experienced discrimination reported poorer SRMH. The associations were weaker among immigrants who immigrated in adulthood. In the adjusted model with non-immigrants, compared to unexposed white respondents, Canadian-born white respondents who experienced discrimination reported poorer SRMH (aPOR 3.62, 95% CI 2.99, 4.40) while no statistically significant association was detected among racialized respondents (aPOR 2.24, 95% CI 0.90, 5.58). Racialized respondents experienced significant levels of discrimination compared to white respondents irrespective of immigrant status. Discrimination was associated with poor SRMH among all immigrants, with some evidence of a stronger association for white immigrants and immigrants who migrated at a younger age. For Canadian-born individuals, discrimination was associated with poor SRMH among white respondents only.
我们研究了移民和加拿大本土出生者中歧视与自评心理健康（SRMH）之间的联系，并根据个人是否被认定为有色人种或白人进行了分层。利用加拿大综合社会调查（2014年）的数据（加权N = 27575000）以及一个新的移民过采样数据，我们分别估计了移民和加拿大本土出生者中感知到的歧视与SRMH之间的关联，并按种族化状态进行了分层。在移民中，我们还研究了抵达年龄是减弱还是增强了这种关联。与白人移民相比，有色人种移民中歧视的发生率更高（18.9%对11.8%），与非移民白人相比，有色人种非移民中歧视的发生率也更高（20.0%对10.5%）。在针对移民的调整模型中，以未报告遭受歧视的白人移民为参照组，遭受歧视的白人移民（调整后患病率比值比[aPOR] 6.11，95%置信区间[CI] 3.08，12.12）和有色人种移民（aPOR 2.28，95% CI 1.29，4.04）报告的SRMH较差。在成年后移民的人群中，这种关联较弱。在针对非移民的调整模型中，与未受影响的白人受访者相比，遭受歧视的加拿大本土出生的白人受访者报告的SRMH较差（aPOR 3.62，95% CI 2.99，4.40），而在有色人种受访者中未检测到具有统计学意义的关联（aPOR 2.24，95% CI 0.90，5.58）。无论移民身份如何，有色人种受访者与白人受访者相比都经历了显著程度的歧视。歧视与所有移民的SRMH较差有关，有一些证据表明白人移民和较年轻移民的关联更强。对于加拿大本土出生者，歧视仅与白人受访者的SRMH较差有关。
