Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK.
Pest Manag Sci. 2013 Feb;69(2):150-5. doi: 10.1002/ps.3348. Epub 2012 Jun 22.
This review summarises recent investigations into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the decline in sensitivity to azole (imidazole and triazole) fungicides in European populations of the Septoria leaf blotch pathogen, Mycosphaerella graminicola. The complex recent evolution of the azole target sterol 14α-demethylase (MgCYP51) enzyme in response to selection by the sequential introduction of progressively more effective azoles is described, and the contribution of individual MgCYP51 amino acid alterations and their combinations to azole resistance phenotypes and intrinsic enzyme activity is discussed. In addition, the recent identification of mechanisms independent of changes in MgCYP51 structure correlated with novel azole cross-resistant phenotypes suggests that the further evolution of M. graminicola under continued selection by azole fungicides could involve multiple mechanisms. The prospects for azole fungicides in controlling European M. graminicola populations in the future are discussed in the context of these new findings.
本综述总结了最近对欧洲叶斑病菌 Septoria 中唑类（咪唑和三唑）杀菌剂敏感性下降的分子机制的研究。描述了唑类靶标甾醇 14α-脱甲基酶（MgCYP51）酶在复杂的近期进化，以及个别 MgCYP51 氨基酸改变及其组合对唑类抗性表型和固有酶活性的贡献。此外，最近发现与新型唑类交叉抗性表型相关的 MgCYP51 结构变化之外的机制，表明在唑类杀菌剂持续选择下，禾谷丝核菌的进一步进化可能涉及多种机制。根据这些新发现，讨论了唑类杀菌剂在未来控制欧洲禾谷丝核菌种群的前景。
