Maulenbay Akerke, Rsaliyev Aralbek
Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeisky 080409, Kazakhstan.
J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Jul 13;10(7):482. doi: 10.3390/jof10070482.
In this paper, an extensive review of the literature is provided examining the significance of tolerance to fungal diseases in wheat amidst the escalating global demand for wheat and threats from environmental shifts and pathogen movements. The current comprehensive reliance on agrochemicals for disease management poses risks to food safety and the environment, exacerbated by the emergence of fungicide resistance. While resistance traits in wheat can offer some protection, these traits do not guarantee the complete absence of losses during periods of vigorous or moderate disease development. Furthermore, the introduction of individual resistance genes into wheat monoculture exerts selection pressure on pathogen populations. These disadvantages can be addressed or at least mitigated with the cultivation of tolerant varieties of wheat. Research in this area has shown that certain wheat varieties, susceptible to severe infectious diseases, are still capable of achieving high yields. Through the analysis of the existing literature, this paper explores the manifestations and quantification of tolerance in wheat, discussing its implications for integrated disease management and breeding strategies. Additionally, this paper addresses the ecological and evolutionary aspects of tolerance in the pathogen-plant host system, emphasizing its potential to enhance wheat productivity and sustainability.
本文对文献进行了广泛综述，探讨了在全球对小麦的需求不断增长以及环境变化和病原体传播带来威胁的背景下，小麦对真菌病害耐受性的重要性。当前在病害管理中对农用化学品的全面依赖给食品安全和环境带来风险，而杀菌剂抗性的出现使这一情况更加恶化。虽然小麦中的抗性性状可以提供一些保护，但这些性状并不能保证在病害严重或中等发生期间完全没有损失。此外，将单个抗性基因引入小麦单一栽培中会对病原体种群施加选择压力。通过种植耐病小麦品种，可以解决或至少减轻这些缺点。该领域的研究表明，某些易患严重传染病的小麦品种仍能实现高产。通过对现有文献的分析，本文探讨了小麦耐受性的表现和量化，讨论了其对综合病害管理和育种策略的影响。此外，本文还讨论了病原体 - 植物宿主系统中耐受性的生态和进化方面，强调了其提高小麦生产力和可持续性的潜力。
