Burgos R, Sarto B, Elío I, Planas M, Forga M, Cantón A, Trallero R, Muñoz M J, Pérez D, Bonada A, Saló E, Lecha M, Enrich G, Salas-Salvadó J
Nutritional Support Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
Nutr Hosp. 2012 Mar-Apr;27(2):469-76. doi: 10.1590/S0212-16112012000200018.
Malnutrition among inpatients is highly prevalent, and has a negative impact on their clinical outcome. The Working Group for the Study of Malnutrition in Hospitals in Catalonia was created to generate consensus guidelines for the prevention and/or treatment of malnutrition in hospitals in Catalonia, Spain.
The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of malnutrition on admission to hospital in Catalonia and to assess relationships between malnutrition, social and demographic data, overall costs, and mortality.
Prospective and multicenter study conducted with 796 patients from 11 hospitals representative of the hospitalized population in Catalonia. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 method.
Overall, 28.9% of the patients are malnourished or at nutritional risk. Elderly patients, non-manual workers, those admitted to hospital as emergencies and with higher co-morbidities had higher risk of malnutrition. The type of hospital (second level vs. tertiary or University referral) to which they were admitted was also a factor predisposing to malnutrition. Length of hospital stay was longer in malnourished patients (10.5 vs. 7.7 days, p < 0.0001). The need for a convalescent home on leaving hospital was higher as well as the risk of mortality (8.6% malnourished vs. 1.3% nonmalnourished, p < 0.0001).
The prevalence of malnutrition is high in patients on admission to hospital in our community, resulting in elevated overall costs and higher risk of mortality. Age, social class and characteristics of the Unit and the Hospital are the main factors involved in hospital malnutrition.
住院患者中营养不良现象极为普遍，对其临床结局有负面影响。加泰罗尼亚医院营养不良研究工作组应运而生，旨在为西班牙加泰罗尼亚地区医院营养不良的预防和/或治疗制定共识指南。
本研究的目的是确定加泰罗尼亚地区住院患者入院时营养不良的患病率，并评估营养不良与社会人口数据、总体费用和死亡率之间的关系。
对来自加泰罗尼亚地区11家具有代表性的医院的796名患者进行了前瞻性多中心研究。采用营养风险筛查2002方法评估营养状况。
总体而言，28.9%的患者存在营养不良或有营养风险。老年患者、非体力劳动者、急诊入院患者以及合并症较多的患者营养不良风险更高。患者入住的医院类型（二级医院与三级医院或大学附属医院）也是导致营养不良的一个因素。营养不良患者的住院时间更长（10.5天对7.7天，p < 0.0001）。出院后需要康复之家护理的比例更高，死亡率风险也更高（营养不良患者为8.6%，非营养不良患者为1.3%，p < 0.0001）。
在我们社区，住院患者入院时营养不良的患病率很高，导致总体费用增加和死亡风险升高。年龄、社会阶层以及科室和医院的特点是医院营养不良的主要相关因素。
