Department of Athletics, Eugeniusz Piasecki University School of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014 Feb;24(1):68-79. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01496.x. Epub 2012 Jun 27.
We studied relationships between age and aerobic capacity in three groups of subjects adhering to different exercise modalities. A total of 203 men aged 20-90 years were examined: 52 speed-power track and field athletes (SP), 89 endurance runners (ER) and 62 untrained individuals (UT). Maximal exercise characteristics were obtained during a graded treadmill test until exhaustion: oxygen uptake (VO2max), heart rate (HRmax), oxygen pulse (O2 Pulsemax) and maximal distance (Distmax). Information about training history and weekly training amount was collected. A linear model of regression was adopted. VO2max in SP was lower than in ER, but significantly higher than in UT. The cross-sectional rates of decline in body mass-adjusted VO2max and Distmax were significantly smaller in SP than in ER and UT. About 80 years of age, the levels of VO2max and Distmax reached similar values in SP and ER. The decline in HRmax, but not in O2 Pulsemax was suggested as a cardiac adaptation accounting for between-group differences in VO2max loss. Weekly training volume was a significant positive predictor of age-related changes in aerobic capacity. In conclusion, not only endurance, but also speed-power exercise appears adequate to ensure an elevated aerobic capacity at old age.
我们研究了三组不同运动方式的受试者的年龄与有氧能力之间的关系。共有 203 名年龄在 20-90 岁的男性接受了检查：52 名速度力量田径运动员（SP）、89 名耐力跑者（ER）和 62 名未经训练的个体（UT）。在跑步机上进行分级测试，直到力竭，获得最大运动特征：摄氧量（VO2max）、心率（HRmax）、氧脉冲（O2 Pulsemax）和最大距离（Distmax）。收集了有关训练历史和每周训练量的信息。采用线性回归模型。SP 中的 VO2max 低于 ER，但明显高于 UT。与 ER 和 UT 相比，SP 中体重调整后的 VO2max 和 Distmax 的横断面下降率明显较小。大约 80 岁时，SP 和 ER 中的 VO2max 和 Distmax 水平达到相似值。HRmax 的下降而不是 O2 Pulsemax 的下降被认为是导致 VO2max 损失的组间差异的心脏适应。每周训练量是有氧能力与年龄相关变化的显著正预测因子。总之，不仅是耐力运动，而且速度力量运动似乎足以确保老年人的有氧能力提高。
