Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 813 64, Slovakia.
Int J Public Health. 2013 Apr;58(2):171-6. doi: 10.1007/s00038-012-0382-9. Epub 2012 Jun 27.
We aimed to assess the development of the socioeconomic gradient in health-related behaviour (HRB) among Slovak adolescents between 1998 and 2006.
Data were collected in 1998 (n = 2,616; 14.9 ± 0.6 years) and in 2006 (n = 1,081; 14.3 ± 0.6 years). ORs of socioeconomic differences-as measured by parental education-were calculated for each cohort in smoking, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity, and the interactions of socioeconomic position and the time period on these behaviours were calculated.
The higher odds of smoking in the low socioeconomic group compared to the high socioeconomic group decreased among boys (interaction OR 0.54), but became evident among girls (interaction OR 1.96). In alcohol consumption, no socioeconomic differences were found among boys, but the higher odds among girls from high socioeconomic position compared with those from low socioeconomic position disappeared in 2006. In physical inactivity, socioeconomic differences increased among boys but not among girls.
During this period, socioeconomic differences in HRB developed in a different way among boys than among girls. Prevalence rates in substance use increased especially among girls from the low socioeconomic group. This group should be particularly targeted by prevention programs.
本研究旨在评估 1998 年至 2006 年期间斯洛伐克青少年健康相关行为（HRB）的社会经济梯度发展情况。
本研究分别于 1998 年（n=2616，14.9±0.6 岁）和 2006 年（n=1081，14.3±0.6 岁）收集数据。采用父母教育水平来衡量社会经济地位，计算每个队列中吸烟、饮酒和身体活动不足的社会经济差异的比值比（OR），并计算社会经济地位和时间段对这些行为的交互作用。
与高社会经济群体相比，低社会经济群体青少年吸烟的几率更高，但这种差异在男孩中逐渐减小（交互 OR 0.54），而在女孩中则更为明显（交互 OR 1.96）。在饮酒方面，男孩中不存在社会经济差异，但 2006 年高社会经济地位女孩饮酒的几率高于低社会经济地位女孩。在身体活动不足方面，男孩中的社会经济差异增加，但女孩中没有这种差异。
在此期间，HRB 中的社会经济差异在男孩和女孩中的发展方式不同。物质使用的流行率，尤其是来自低社会经济群体的女孩，呈上升趋势。应特别针对这一群体制定预防计划。
