Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
Pest Manag Sci. 2012 Oct;68(10):1337-44. doi: 10.1002/ps.3338. Epub 2012 Jun 27.
Larvae of the crane fly Tipula paludosa (Diptera: Nematocera) are economically important pests of grasslands, nurseries and organically grown crops. This study was conducted to evaluate several entomopathogenic fungal strains, the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and the organophosphate insecticide Dursban WG (75% chlorpyrifos) against larval stages of T. paludosa under laboratory and greenhouse conditions.
Metarhizium robertsii strain V1005 was the most virulent, causing 100% larval mortality 4 weeks post-inoculation. Eight other M. robertsii strains and M. brunneum (ARSEF 3297) caused mortality ranging between 0 and 60%, whereas strains of Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea and Lecanicillium longisporum were non-pathogenic to T. paludosa. In greenhouse tests, medium (2 × 10(14) conidia ha(-1) ) and high (2 × 10(16) conidia ha(-1) ) concentrations of V1005 gave higher larval mortalities (90 and 100%) than lower (2 × 10(13) conidia ha(-1) ) concentrations (52 and 78%) at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment respectively. Dursban WG gave 100% larval mortality 4 weeks after treatment; H. bacteriophora UWS1 caused 28 and 65% mortality 4 and 8 weeks after treatment respectively.
This study shows that M. robertsii V1005 has considerable potential for the control of T. paludosa, thereby reducing the use of chemical insecticides.
摇蚊幼虫（双翅目：线虫纲）是草地、苗圃和有机作物的重要经济害虫。本研究旨在评估几种昆虫病原真菌菌株、昆虫病原线虫异小杆线虫 H. bacteriophora 和有机磷杀虫剂 Dursban WG（75%毒死蜱）对实验室和温室条件下摇蚊幼虫的防治效果。
玫烟色棒束孢 V1005 菌株的毒力最强，接种后 4 周导致 100%幼虫死亡。其他 8 株玫烟色棒束孢和布氏白僵菌（ARSEF 3297）引起的死亡率在 0%至 60%之间，而球孢白僵菌、淡紫拟青霉和长枝木霉对摇蚊幼虫均无致病性。在温室试验中，中浓度（2×10(14)个分生孢子 ha(-1)）和高浓度（2×10(16)个分生孢子 ha(-1)）的 V1005 处理 4 周和 8 周后，幼虫死亡率（90%和 100%）均高于低浓度（2×10(13)个分生孢子 ha(-1)）处理（52%和 78%）。Dursban WG 处理 4 周后幼虫死亡率为 100%；UWS1 异小杆线虫分别在处理后 4 周和 8 周导致 28%和 65%的幼虫死亡。
本研究表明，玫烟色棒束孢 V1005 对摇蚊幼虫有很大的控制潜力，从而减少了化学杀虫剂的使用。
