Cousins Rachael A, Battley Phil F, Gartrell Brett D, Powlesland Ralph G
Ecology Group, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
J Wildl Dis. 2012 Jul;48(3):567-74. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-48.3.567.
The New Zealand Pigeon or kereru (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) frequently collides with windows and vehicles. In this study of 146 kereru collected from 1996 to 2009, we used 118 radiographs and 91 necropsies to determine skeletal and soft tissue injuries. Vehicle collisions resulted in more damage to the extremities (wing and femur), whereas collisions with windows resulted in trauma to the head, fractures/dislocations of the coracoids and clavicles, and ruptured internal organs. Soft tissue injuries included damage to the flight muscles and heart ruptures caused by fractured coracoid bones, as well as extensive bruising of pectoral muscles and hemorrhaging of the lungs. Rehabilitation time was not related to number of skeletal injuries sustained, nor was the time until death for those that did not survive. In general, kereru with greater numbers of injuries were less likely to survive rehabilitation. Flight speed and force calculations suggest that a 570-g kereru would collide with 3-70 times the force of smaller birds (5-180 g); this may explain the discrepancies between the injuries characterized here and those reported for North American passerines. The differences in injuries sustained from collisions with windows and cars can be used to inform rehabilitators about the possible nature of injuries if the source of impact is known.
新西兰鸽或卡卡啄羊鹦鹉（Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae）经常与窗户和车辆相撞。在这项对1996年至2009年间收集的146只卡卡啄羊鹦鹉的研究中，我们使用了118张X光片和91次尸检来确定骨骼和软组织损伤情况。与车辆相撞导致四肢（翅膀和股骨）损伤更严重，而与窗户相撞则导致头部受伤、喙骨和锁骨骨折/脱臼以及内脏破裂。软组织损伤包括飞行肌肉损伤和喙骨骨折导致的心脏破裂，以及胸肌广泛瘀伤和肺部出血。康复时间与所遭受的骨骼损伤数量无关，对于未能存活的个体，其死亡时间也与之无关。一般来说，受伤数量较多的卡卡啄羊鹦鹉康复存活的可能性较小。飞行速度和力量计算表明，一只570克的卡卡啄羊鹦鹉与较小鸟类（5 - 180克）相撞时的力量是其3至70倍；这可能解释了此处所描述的损伤与北美雀形目鸟类所报告的损伤之间的差异。如果已知撞击源，那么与窗户和汽车相撞所受损伤的差异可用于告知康复人员可能的损伤性质。
