Department of Emergency Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Torino, Italy.
Radiol Med. 2013 Mar;118(2):196-205. doi: 10.1007/s11547-012-0852-4. Epub 2012 Jun 28.
Chronic heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome often characterised by recurrent episodes of acute decompensation. This is acknowledged as a major public health problem, leading to a steadily increasing number of hospitalisations in developed countries. In decompensated heart failure, the redistribution of fluids into the pulmonary vascular bed leads to respiratory failure, a common cause of presentation to the emergency department. The ability to diagnose, quantify and monitor pulmonary congestion is particularly important in managing the disease. Lung ultrasound (US) is a relatively new method that has gained a growing acceptance as a bedside diagnostic tool to assess pulmonary interstitial fluid and alveolar oedema. The latest developments in lung US are not because of technological advance but are based on new applications and discovering the meanings of specific sonographic artefacts designated as B-lines. Real-time sonography of the lung targeted to detection of B-lines allows bedside diagnosis of respiratory failure due to impairment of cardiac function, as well as quantification and monitoring of pulmonary interstitial fluid. Lung US saves time and cost, provides immediate information to the clinician and relies on very easy-to-acquire and highly reproducible data.
慢性心力衰竭是一种复杂的临床综合征，常以反复出现的急性失代偿为特征。这是一个公认的主要公共卫生问题，导致发达国家住院人数稳步增加。在心力衰竭失代偿时，液体重新分布到肺血管床会导致呼吸衰竭，这是急诊科就诊的常见原因。诊断、量化和监测肺充血的能力在疾病管理中尤为重要。肺部超声（US）是一种相对较新的方法，作为床边诊断工具，用于评估肺间质液和肺泡水肿，已逐渐得到认可。肺部超声的最新进展并非源于技术进步，而是基于新的应用和发现特定超声伪像（即 B 线）的含义。针对 B 线检测的肺部实时超声检查可在床边诊断因心脏功能障碍引起的呼吸衰竭，并对肺间质液进行量化和监测。肺部超声可节省时间和成本，为临床医生提供即时信息，并依赖于非常容易获得且高度可重复的数据。
