Department of Psychological Sciences.
School of Education, Colorado State University.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2012 Oct;103(4):635-646. doi: 10.1037/a0029120. Epub 2012 Jul 2.
Stereotype threat impairs performance across many domains. Despite a wealth of research, the long-term consequences of chronic stereotype threat have received little empirical attention. Beyond the immediate impact on performance, the experience of chronic stereotype threat is hypothesized to lead to domain disidentification and eventual domain abandonment. Stereotype threat is 1 explanation why African Americans and Hispanic/Latino(a)s "leak" from each juncture of the academic scientific pipeline in disproportionately greater numbers than their White and Asian counterparts. Using structural equation modeling, we tested the stereotype threat-disidentification hypothesis across 3 academic years with a national longitudinal panel of undergraduate minority science students. Experience of stereotype threat was associated with scientific disidentification, which in turn predicted a significant decline in the intention to pursue a scientific career. Race/ethnicity moderated this effect, whereby the effect was evident for Hispanic/Latino(a) students but not for all African American students. We discuss findings in terms of understanding chronic stereotype threat.
刻板印象威胁会损害许多领域的表现。尽管有大量的研究，但慢性刻板印象威胁的长期后果却很少受到实证关注。除了对表现的直接影响外，慢性刻板印象威胁的经历还被假设会导致领域认同缺失，并最终导致领域放弃。刻板印象威胁是为什么非裔美国人和西班牙裔/拉丁裔（Hispanic/Latino(a)s）在学术科学管道的每一个环节中流失的比例都高于他们的白人和亚裔同行的一个解释。我们使用结构方程模型，通过对全国性纵向少数族裔科学本科生小组进行 3 个学年的研究，检验了刻板印象威胁-认同缺失假说。刻板印象威胁经历与科学认同缺失有关，而科学认同缺失又反过来预测了从事科学职业的意愿显著下降。种族/族裔对此效应起到了调节作用，这种效应在西班牙裔/拉丁裔学生中明显，但并非所有非裔美国学生都如此。我们根据对慢性刻板印象威胁的理解来讨论这些发现。
